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280 Utah Historical Quarterly mitted and grown in the eastern United States. According to Mrs. Kathleen S. Farnsworth, the masons and builders of Beaver came there from the Scottish counties of Fife and Clackmannan. But many of the stone buildings in Beaver were undoubtedly constructed by laymen, just as the log buildings were. Henry Glassie classifies two house types in his " T h e Types of the Southern Mountain Cabin" as cabins because ". . . both are ccmposed of a single construction unit and both are less than two stories high." Many of the stone houses of Beaver, if one uses Glassie's criteria, can be classified as cabins. Many Beaver residents say the pink stone or tufa that many of the stone houses are built of was quarried in a small side-canyon about five miles up Beaver Canyon, but no quarries are mentioned for the ubiquitous black volcanic rock, although it could have been quarried there too, since it is everywhere surrounding the pink stone. The river bed is full of it. Most of the oldest stone dwellings in Beaver are composed of the black pumice; the tufa was evidently a later discovery. Interestingly, most of the pink rock houses stand on the east side of town, while the black rock dwellings are mostly west of Main Street. According to Kathleen Farnsworth, most of the stone houses of Beaver were at one time accompanied by stone outbuildings. Many of these outbuildings served a dual purpose: the "upstairs" was used as a granary and the "downstairs" for storing eggs, butter, milk, and other perishables. Even though those days preceeded the coming of the LDS churchwide welfare program, they at least sound Mormon. T h e Beaver outbuildings resemble none of those drawn and discussed by Henry Glassie in Pattern, except many in the East do have upper and lower levels.4 T o the east of Beaver, almost in the foothills, stands the last remaining building of what once was Fort Cameron. Construction of Fort Cameron, a United States military installation, was deemed necessary in southern Utah because of Indian raids and the Mountain Meadows Massacre (there are many versions of why the fort was built, both folk and "historical"). Local stonecutters and builders helped with construction that began in 1861, and all the buildings were composed of black 3 Folklore 4 This article comprises Appendix C of Jan Harold Brunvand's The Study (New York, 1968), 341. See Pattern, 86-87. of American