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18 m ethods by w hich Mormons p r e p a r e d t h e v a r i o u s b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s and c o n t i n u a l l y p a s s e d on t h e s e s k i l l s t o newly a r r iv in g p io n e e rs. A n o th e r aim i n t h i s c h a p t e r i s t o e x p l a i n and a c c o u n t f o r t h e tim e and s p a c e v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e predom inance of each b u ild in g m a te ria l. As p r e v i o u s l y p o i n t e d o u t , i t i s im por­ t a n t t o th e t h e s i s o f t h i s s t u d y t o d e te r m in e t h e n a t u r e and d e g re e o f u n i t y and d i v e r s i t y i n t h e Mormon c u l t u r a l la n d ­ scape. Thus, a l l i m p o r t a n t a r e a l and te m p o ra l d i f f e r e n c e s i n th e u s e o f b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s must be a c c o u n te d f o r . To t h a t e n d , a " b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s p h a se " c o n c e p t i s employed h ere. "P h a se " r e f e r s m a in ly t o th e c o n d i t i o n s under which t h e b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s a r e p r e p a r e d and a l s o i n d i c a t e s f a c t o r s r e l a t i n g t o th e q u a l i t y and u se o f t h e m a t e r i a l . " I n i t i a l p h a s e " r e f e r s t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n of m a t e r i a l s d u r i n g t h e fo u n d in g and e a r l y s t a g e s o f a s e t t l e m e n t on th e fro n tie r. D u rin g i n i t i a l p h a se th e p r o d u c t i o n of b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s was m a in ly i n t h e hands o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l consum ers h a n d ic a p p e d by l i m i t e d t o o l s , s u p p l i e s , and f r o n t i e r c o n d i t i o n s . "Second p h a s e " s u p e r s e d e s i n i t i a l when th e p r o d u c t i o n o f m a t e r i a l s f a l l s p r i m a r i l y i n t o t h e hands o f f u l l - t i m e b u sin essm en o r tra d e sm e n who p r e p a r e th e m a t e r i a l s l o c a l l y fo r s a le or tr a d e . T h is a c t i v i t y t a k e s p l a c e i n a community adobe y a rd , b r i c k y a r d , lum ber y a rd , o r s t o n e q u a r r y and b r i n g s a b o u t im provem ents i n b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s and ch ang es i n t h e p re d o m in a n t u s e o f c e r t a i n m a t e r i a l s . Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.