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94 i n i t i a l sto n e b u ild in g phase. A g r e a t many s t u r d y s t o n e h o u ses b u i l t o f f i e l d s t o n e lo n g a f t e r t h e i n i t i a l p hase a r e s t i l l i n u s e , e s p e c i a l l y i n n o r t h e r n U tah and s o u t h e r n Id a h o . D uring t h e second s t o n e b u i l d i n g p h a s e , how ever, many im provem ents had t a k e n p l a c e . The s ec o n d p h a se was c h a r a c t e r i z e d by t h e use o f li m e - m o r t a r s o b t a i n e d by k i l n - b u r n i n g l o c a l l i m e s t o n e , by an i n f l u x o f s k i l l e d sto n em aso n s ( e s p e c i a l l y from E u r o p e ) , and by t h e r i s e o f p r i v a t e l y o p e r a t e d s t o n e q u a r r i e s ( i n a d d i t i o n t o th o s e o p e r a t e d by t h e C h u r c h ) . I n many communi­ t i e s t h e s t o n e q u a r r i e s f u n c t i o n e d somewhat l i k e an adobe or b r i c k y a r d i n t h a t t h e y p r o v id e d b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s p r e p a r e d by f u l l - t i m e s p e c i a l i s t s . Some q u a r r y o p e r a t o r s , f o r i n s t a n c e , p ro m ise d t o d e l i v e r s t o n e t o t h e b u i l d i n g s i t e c u t o r shaped i n any d e s i r e d f a s h i o n (H u n te r , 3 6 2 ) . Many s to n e d e a l e r s , e s p e c i a l l y i n n o r t h e r n U tah, c o n t i n u e d t o d e l i v e r f ie l d s to n e , b u t u s u a lly s p l i t th e s to n e s so t h a t a t l e a s t one c u t s i d e c o u ld be u sed on th e o u t e r w a l l f a c e ( F i g . 2 3 ). The l a r g e s t f i e l d s t o n e s w ere c u t i n t o r o u g h ly r e c t a n g u l a r b lo c k s and p l a c e d a s t h e q u o in s and ja m b s to n e s ( F ig . 2 4 ). The s m a l l e s t rem a in ed u n c u t and were u s e d f o r f i l l i n g b etw een t h e l a r g e r j o i n t s and a s b a c k in g m a t e r i a l fo rm in g a w a l l a b o u t two f e e t t h i c k . R u b b le sto n e w a l l s w ere n e c e s s a r i l y t h i c k b e c a u s e o f t h e d i f f i c u l t y in b o n d in g t o g e t h e r s o many s m a ll and o d d ly s h a p e d p i e c e s . The s k i l l e d mason d u r i n g th e s e c o n d s t o n e b u i l d i n g p h ase im proved (fro m h i s p o i n t o f view ) t h e a p p e a ra n c e o f t h e Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.