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99 b e g in n in g i n th e 1880s i n t h e o l d e s t s e t t l e m e n t s and a f t e r 1900 i n l a t e r s e t t l e m e n t s . S to n e Types and S to n e W a llin g P a t t e r n s , An A re a l View S t o n e - w a l l i n g p a t t e r n s d u r i n g th e s ec o n d b u i l d i n g p h a s e s te n d e d t o be a s s o c i a t e d w ith c e r t a i n t y p e s o f s t o n e , s o t h a t i n any s p e c i f i c s e t t l e m e n t most o f t h e s t o n e and s t o n e masonry was much a l i k e . But when t h e sto n ew o rk o f s e v e r a l com m unities i s view ed c o m p a r a t i v e l y , t h e r e i s con­ s i d e r a b l e a r e a l v a r i e t y , much more so t h a n i s t r u e o f any o th e r b u ild in g m a te ria l d is c u s s e d i n t h i s stu d y . I n th e Mormon c u l t u r e r e g i o n s e v e r a l d o m e s tic b u i l d i n g s t o n e r e g i o n s a re rec o g n ize d (F ig . 2 9 ). F i e l d s t o n e was t a k e n from m a in ly t h r e e g e n e r a l s to n e s o u r c e s , t h e most w id e sp re a d o f which was v o l c a n i c b a s a l t s l o c a l l y c a l l e d l a v a r o c k . The l a r g e s t a r e a l e x t e n t o f t h i s g r a y - t o - b l a c k s t o n e o c c u r s i n t h e Snake R iv e r V a lle y of Id a h o ( F i g . 30) b u t i s a l s o c o n s p ic u o u s i n s o u t h e a s t e r n Id ah o and B ea v e r C o unty, U tah, where b a s a l t was one o f t h e c h i e f b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s , and i n S t . G eo rge, W ashington County, where t h e l a v a s were c o n f in e d m a in ly t o fo u n d a tio n s t o n e s . A s ec o n d g e n e r a l s o u r c e o f f i e l d s t o n e f o r h o u s e s i s te rm e d h e r e m is c e l l a n e o u s m e c a s o r p h ic s , a g e n e r a l te rm i n c l u d ­ i n g a h o s t of s to n e v a r i e t i e s s c a t t e r e d p r o f u s e l y i n a r e a s n o r t h o f S a l t Lake C i t y . The s t o n e s in c l u d e d g n e i s s , s c h i s t , q u a r t z i t e , s i l i c e o u s l i m e s t o n e , and o t h e r s l o c a t e d on t h e s l o p e s o f t h e m ou ntain s and i n t h e l a c u s t r i n e b e n c h e s o f t h e Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.