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211 p r i m a r i l y e s t a b l i s h e d a s r e s i d e n t i a l c o m m u n ities f o r f a r m e r s . The h o u s e s , b a r n s , g r a n a r i e s , c o o p s , and s h e d s were a l l l o c a t e d on a v i l l a g e l o t s e p a r a t e from t h e farm which was l a r g e l y f r e e o f b u i l d i n g s and was somewhere o u t s i d e t h e v illa g e . L i v e s t o c k were k e p t a t n i g h t on t h e i n d i v i d u a l h o m e stea d s i n t h e v i l l a g e and d u r i n g t h e day were t a k e n c o l ­ l e c t i v e l y t o a common p a s t u r e o r ra n g e by a h e r d b o y . Each v i l l a g e was s u rv e y e d and p l a t t e d a c c o r d in g t o a r i g i d n o r t h s o u t h - e a s t - w e s t g r i d fo rm in g r a t h e r l a r g e s q u a r e b l o c k s o f e ig h t or te n a c re s each. Most b lo c k s were s u b d i v i d e d i n i ­ t i a l l y i n t o f o u r home l o t s , e a c h c o n t a i n i n g a b o u t two o r two and o n e - h a l f a c r e s — r a t h e r l a r g e f o r t h e v i l l a g e home­ s t e a d o f one f a m i l y . Some of t h e l o t s were r e s e r v e d f o r a c h u r c h , s c h o o l , and o t h e r p u b l i c b u i l d i n g s . A d m itte d ly , t h e r e w ere e x c e p t i o n s t o t h i s g e n e r a l p a t t e r n , b u t i t was f o llo w e d r e m a rk a b ly w e l l , c o n s i d e r i n g t h e f a c t t h a t t h e Church had no e n f o r c e d r e g u l a t i o n s e q u a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o a l l newly e s t a b l i s h e d s e t t l e m e n t s . But t h e r e w ere some v e ry s t r o n g p r e c e d e n t s s e t f o r Mormon s e t t l e m e n t p a tte rn s, 2 and Church l e a d e r s c o n s i s t e n t l y e n c o u ra g e d and 2The m ain p r e c e d e n t i s known a s t h e " p l a t f o r t h e C i t y o f Z io n ," an e x p l i c i t p l a n drawn by J o s e p h Smith i n 1833 f o r a c i t y which was t o have b een e s t a b l i s h e d by th e Mormons n e a r w hat i s now In d e p e n d e n c e , M i s s o u r i . The c i t y n e v e r m a t e r i a l i z e d b e c a u s e o f f a i l u r e s by t h e Church t o r e t a i n a f ir m f o o t h o l d i n M i s s o u r i , b u t i t re m a in e d f i r m l y e n t r e n c h e d i n Mormon m in d s . F i n a l l y , i n 1847 t h e " d i v i n e l y i n s p i r e d " p l a t was employed i n t h e fo u n d in g o f S a l t Lake C i t y , t h e c u l t u r e h e a r t h o f Mormon s e t t l e m e n t i n t h e West. The p l a t was c o p ie d i n n e a r l y e v e r y Mormon s e t t l e m e n t f o r t h e n e x t f i f t y y e a r s (N e ls o n , 3 4 - 4 5 ) . Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.