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96 r u b b l e s t o n e w a l l by one o f s e v e r a l m etho ds. A l l j o i n t s were made smooth and o b s c u r e w i t h m o r ta r and w ere t h e n e i t h e r o u t l i n e d w i t h s c o r e d i n d e n t a t i o n s o r p o i n t e d i n h ig h r e l i e f w i t h a h ig h lim e m o r t a r ( F i g . 2 5 ). P s e u d o - c o u r s e s were som etim es e f f e c t e d on r u b b l e s t o n e w a l l s by fo rm in g s t r a i g h t h o r i z o n t a l m o r t a r l i n e s s p a c e d a t i n t e r v a l s a c r o s s th e 13 f a c a d e w a l l , g i v i n g t h e w a l l an e v e n - c o u r s e d a s h l a r ap pear­ a n c e ; o r by fo rm in g s t a g g e r e d o r b ro k e n h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s p r o d u c in g t h e a p p e a ra n c e of a b r o k e n - c o u r s e d a s h l a r w a ll (F ig . 26). Much sto n e w o rk d u r i n g t h e sec o n d p h a s e u t i l i z e d sym­ m e t r i c a l l y c u t ( b lo c k c u t ) q u a r r y s t o n e , e s p e c i a l l y i n c e n t r a l and s o u t h e r n U tah, e n a b l i n g t h e mason t o b u i l d t r u l y ev en -co u rsed a s h l a r w a lls (F ig . 27). A s h la r w a l l s , u s u a l l y m e a s u rin g 18 i n c h e s o r l e s s , w ere g e n e r a l l y n o t a s t h i c k a s t h o s e o f r u b b l e s t o n e b e c a u s e b o n d in g th e b l o c k s i n a w a ll was r e l a t i v e l y e a s y . A s h l a r w a l l s w ere a l s o s a f e r th a n r u b b l e s t o n e w a l l s ev en when o n ly s m a l l amounts o f m o r t a r w ere used. Some a s h l a r w a l l s had l i t t l e o r no m o r t a r i n th e j o i n t s ( F i g . 2 8 ) , wherears th e m o r ta r t y p i c a l l y o c c u p ie d con ­ s i d e r a b l e s p a c e and b u lk w i t h i n w a l l s made o f f i e l d s t o n e . Rem aining s t o n e h o u s e s w ith b ro k e n o r c r a c k e d w a l l s o r w a l l s b u c k le d o u t and i n a r u i n e d s t a t e a r e f a r more common i f b u i l t o f f i e l d s t o n e th a n o f q u a r r y s t o n e . D om estic s t o n e masonry d e c l i n e d r a p i d l y i n Mormon c o u n t r y w ith t h e i n c r e a s e d p r o d u c t i o n o f lum ber and b r i c k 13Ashlar is here defined as a wall having a face of square or rectangular stones. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.