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32 o f t h e adobe p h a s e c y c l e . C arbon c o u n t i e s , P i o n e e r s s e t t l i n g i n Emery and f o r i n s t a n c e , a s l a t e a s t h e 1890s, r e p o r t i n t h e i r j o u r n a l s and h i s t o r i e s t h e same methods o f c o o p e r a ­ t i v e adobe p r e p a r a t i o n found i n t h e 1847 d i a r i e s o f t h e o r i g i n a l S a l t Lake V a lle y p i o n e e r s . The f i r s t perm anent h o u s e s , s c h o o l s , c h u r c h e s , and b u s i n e s s e s were commonly made o f adobe o r lo g by th e f a m i l i e s o r g ro u p s w orking t o g e t h e r . B u i l d i n g s added l a t e r t o th e new s e t t l e m e n t w ere th e n c o n ­ s t r u c t e d o f a d o b es made by f u l l - t i m e tra d e sm e n a t one o r more o f t h e adobe y a r d s i n e v i t a b l y e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e community. The adobe b u i l d i n g p h a s e s t o g e t h e r l a s t e d up t o t h r e e d e c a d e s i n c e n t r a l Utah and up t o f i v e d e c a d e s i n t h e s o u th e r n U tah a r e a , and t h e n g r a d u a l l y d i e d a s t h e f r o n t i e r was th o r o u g h l y p a s t — t h a t i s , when im p o r te d m a t e r i a l s o r i g i n a t i n g from a d i s t a n t p o i n t c o u ld be p u rc h a s e d a t a l o c a l l y c o m p e ti­ tiv e p ric e . But lo n g a f t e r adobe c e a s e d t o be u t i l i z e d f o r new c o n s t r u c t i o n , i t re m a in e d a s a s t r o n g v e s t i g e o f t h e p a st in th e s tr u c tu r e s th a t a re s t i l l stan d in g . The 1920s and e a r l y 1930s saw t h e end of t h e i t s u s e i n some s o u t h e r n Utah c o m m u n itie s , w h ile i n t h e o l d e r , l e s s i s o l a t e d s e t t l e ­ m ents o f t h e n o r t h , t h e 1870s t o 1890s were marked by i t s end. A r e a l O c c u rre n c e o f Second P h a se Mormon Adobe C o n s t r u c t i o n The d e g re e t o w hich adobe was u s e d d u r in g s ec o n d phase v a r i e d i n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e Mormon c u l t u r e r e g i o n . In no a r e a was t h e r e a t o t a l a b s e n c e o f adobe b u t in n o r t h e r n Utah e a s t o f t h e Wasatch and i n Id a h o , l o g p re d o m in a te d over Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.