111789

Page 222

86 one b ric k m a k e r t o th e n e x t b e c a u s e a l l made t h e i r own molds w i t h o u t m u tu a l a g re e m e n t on s p e c i f i c s i z e . N e a rly a l l t h e b r i c k s d u r i n g t h e i n i t i a l p h a se were u s e d o n ly i n t h e c o n ­ s t r u c t i o n of chim neys and f i r e p l a c e s and p e r h a p s an o c c a s i o n a l f o u n d a t i o n , and t h e b r i c k q u a n t i t i e s p ro d u c e d were m in u s c u le compared t o t h o s e o f a d o b e . The seco nd p h a se i n b ric k m a k in g was a s s o c i a t e d w ith t h e r i s e o f b r i c k y a r d s c o m p arab le t o th e adobe y a r d s , and t h e u s e o f t h e same t y p e p u g m ill t o mix t h e c l a y ( F ig . 4 , p . 2 9 ). I n s p i t e o f s i m i l a r m ix in g p r o c e s s e s , t h e b r i c k and adobe y a r d s were n o t i n t e g r a t e d a s one b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n b u t were owned and o p e r a t e d i n each community by s e p a r a t e in d iv id u a ls in c o m p etitio n . B r i c k , how ever, was n o t a s i g ­ n i f i c a n t t h r e a t t o adobe d u r i n g t h e s e c o n d p h a s e , f o r b r i c k r a r e l y became t h e p r i n c i p a l m a t e r i a l u sed i n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f any b u i l d i n g ; r a t h e r i t was u sed a s v e n e e r on adobe w a l l s . In f a c t , th e v a st m a jo rity of th e n in e te e n th -c e n tu ry b ric k homes i n Utah were a c t u a l l y b r i c k v e n e e r w i t h adobe u s e d a s t h e p rim a ry l o a d - b e a r i n g and w a l l i n g m a t e r i a l . In te rm s o f s p e c i f i c d a t e s , t h e s e c o n d p h ase of b ric k m a k in g began i n t h e o l d e s t s e t t l e m e n t s i n t h e 1 8 6 0 s. The f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l b r i c k y a r d and t h e f i r s t a l l - b r i c k h o u se, t h e Atwood house b u i l t i n 1864, were i n M urray ( n e a r S a l t Lake C ity ) (W inburn, 2 3 ) . S h o r t l y a f t e r w a r d s came o t h e r s u c c e s s f u l y a r d s i n o t h e r c o m m u n itie s; P ro v o had one i n 1866, Midway i n 1868 (Markham, 1 2 ) , a n d Ogden i n 1868 (H u n te r , 3 6 3 ) . Thus, i t was more t h a n f i f t e e n y e a r s a f t e r Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.