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134 t o g iv e up t h e s e f o r c l o s e r q u a r t e r s i n f o r t s , even u n d er Church a d v ic e and t h r e a t s o f enemy a t t a c k s . C le a r l y th e r e was a s tr o n g t r a d i t i o n a l b i a s a g a i n s t l i v i n g i n m u l t i p l e fa m ily d w e llin g u n i t s r e p r e s e n te d by th e com partm ent f o r t s o r ev en th e c lo s e q u a r t e r s o f th e o th e r f o r t ty p e s . As a f i n a l n o te , i t i s a p p a r e n t t h a t Mormon f o r t s w ere n o t c a rb o n c o p ie s o f f o r t s su ch a s L a ra m ie , B r id g e r , and P u e b lo w hich th e Mormons had se e n on th e P l a i n s en r o u te t o th e S a l t Lake V a lle y . T hese f o r t s w ere e s s e n t i a l l y f o r t i f i e d p r i v a t e e s t a t e s w ith p r o t e c t e d sp a c e a v a i l a b l e f o r t r a v e l e r s and f o r th e s t o r a g e o f goo d s— th e y d id n o t c o n s i s t o f c a b in s h u d d le d t o g e t h e r i n a s q u a r e . R a th e r , th e v i l l a g e o r communal f o r t s b u i l t by Mormons w ere s i m i l a r i n c o n c e p t t o th o s e in f r o n t i e r e a s t e r n A m erica (Newcomb, 4 6 - 4 7 ) . C o n c lu sio n s The d u g o u ts and c a b in s b u i l t by Mormons e x h ib ite d little v a r i e t y in form (th o u g h c o n s tr u c te d o f a v a r i e t y o f m a te ria ls ). Some d u g o u ts w ere " b u r ie d " i n t h e s i d e s o f h i l l s , o th e r s w ere b u i l t on l e v e l t e r r a i n , b u t a l l ty p e s s h a r e d in common a g a b le r o o f , g a b le - e n d e n t r a n c e , and a n e a r ly s q u a re s e m is u b te r r a n e a n room . The c a b in d i f f e r e d from th e dugout m a in ly i n t h a t th e c a b in was b u i l t above ground and had a b r o a d s id e e n t r a n c e . The te m p o ra ry a rra n g e m e n t o f c a b in s w ith in f o r t s r e p r e s e n te d a s i g n i f i c a n t d e p a r tu r e from t r a d i ­ t i o n a l Mormon s e t t l e m e n t p a t t e r n s b u t e x e r te d l i t t l e o r no im p o r ta n t c h a n g e s t o th e c a b in s o r t h e form o f d w e llin g u n i t s th e re in . Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.