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67 f o r e s t s p r i m a r i l y f o r t h e p u rp o s e o f saw ing lu m b e r, b u t such s a w m ills a l s o p r e p a r e d l o g s b r o u g h t t o t h e m i l l by i n d i v i d ­ u a l s who s im p ly w a n ted t o have t h e l o g s s q u a r e d o r t o have two s i d e s o f t h e l o g c u t sm ooth. Power saws r e p l a c e d th e b r o a d - a x and a d z , b u t t h e r e was r e a l l y l i t t l e d iffe re n c e b e tw ee n a l o g t h a t had b e e n hand-hewn and one s q u a r e d o r o t h e r w i s e p r e p a r e d by a saw. Numerous lo g s t r u c t u r e s i n th e s e c o n d - p h a s e a r e a c o n t a i n e d lo g s c u t f l a t on two o p p o s in g s i d e s w ith c u t s u r f a c e s p l a c e d h o r i z o n t a l l y fo rm in g t h e j o i n t s b etw een l o g s l a i d i n t h e w a l l , l e a v i n g t h e ro u n d u n c u t s u r f a c e e x p o se d o u tw a rd . So w e ll d i d t h e s e l o g s f i t t h a t no c h i n k i n g a t a l l was r e q u i r e d th o u g h i t was som etim es u s e d . Y et o t h e r lo g w a l l s w ere composed o f l o g s w ith th e sawn edg es f a c i n g o utw ard v e r t i c a l l y , fo rm in g even c u t s u r f a c e s b o th i n s i d e and o u t s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g , and j o i n t s c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e two u n c u t rou nd s i d e s ( F ig . 1 4 ) . C h in k in g was n e c e s s a r y on t h e l a t t e r b u t most su ch w a l l s a r e now d i s g u i s e d by s i d i n g o r v e n e e r i n g o f some k i n d . N a i l s were a l s o l i b e r a l l y u s e d i n l a t e r y e a r s t o f u r t h e r secu re th e lo g s i n th e w a ll. C h in k in g m a t e r i a l was a lm o s t u n i v e r s a l l y c l a y o r adobe mud mixed w i t h d r y g r a s s o r s t r a w . B e fo re t h e c l a y o r mud was a p p l i e d , s l a b s o f wood s p l i t from l o g s w ere f r e q u e n t l y u sed t o f i l l t h e l a r g e s t c r e v i c e s b etw een p o o r l y f i t , co tto n w o o d lo g s ( F i g . 1 5 ) . uneven In t h e e a r l y t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y P o r t l a n d cement m o r t a r became common c h i n k i n g m a t e r i a l . Fresh b a r n y a r d manure, c o n f i n e d t o b a r n s and s h e d s , a l s o a c h ie v e d common u s a g e . Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.