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Show 1893.] ON THE BRAIN OF THE AFRICAN ELEPHANT. 311 PLATE XXI. Fig. 1. Nipteria clytia, p. 302. 2. Heterusia comata, p. 304. 3. conna, p. 305. 4. conon, p. 307. 5, 6. Heterusia placida, p. 305. 7. Heterusia comana, p. 305. 8, 9. Heterusia pirene, p. 306. 10, 11. placilla, p. 307. Fig. 12, 13 S> I 4 ? • Heterusia pinara, p. 307. 15. Trochiodes plagia, p. 308. 16, 17. creusa, p. 309. 18. polymela, p. 309. 19; 20. cormasa, p. 309. 21. coniad.es, p. 309. 22. (:)platcea, p. 310. 2. O n the Brain of the African Elephant. By F R A N K E. B E D D A R D , M.A., F.R.S.., Prosector to the Society. [Eeceived February 28, 1893.] (Plates XXII. & XXIII.) So far as I am aware the only existing figures and description of the brain of this animal are to be found in a paper upon the Caruivorous brain by Dr. Krueg1. Sir "W. Turner, in his account of the Mammalian brain in general, refers2 only to this source of information. Indeed, the opportunities of dissecting the African Elephant at all have been very few. Mr. W . A. Forbes, in 18793, could enumerate only five observers who had published accounts of the viscera of that animal. I a m glad, therefore, to be able to offer to the Society a contribution towards a more complete knowledge of the anatomy of Elephas africanus in the description of its brain which I proceed to give. The brain which I propose to describe is that of a young male which died in the Society's Gardens on January 15th of the present year. The size of the brain unfortunately prevented its being kept entire for the purposes of a museum specimen; it was soon found necessary to cut the brain into four pieces; the hemispheres were separated by a longitudinal cut, and the cerebellum was also divided longitudinally into two halves. When this was done the interior of the brain was found to be in a rather inferior state of preservation. Later on it became harder. As, however, the superficial part of the brain has kept well, I a m able to deal satisfactorily enough with the convolutions of the hemispheres and with the cerebellum; that is, of course, with regard to the distribution and development of the furrows. Krueg's figures4 of the brain are merely meant to illustrate those fissures which bear an importance, according to his views, through the entire series, the remaining fissures being indicated by dotted lines. Three views are given by Krueg of the brains of both Asiatic 1 "Ueber die Furcben auf der Grossbirnrinde der zonoplacentalen Sauge-tbiere," Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxxiii. p. 652. 2 " The Convolutions of the Brain ; a Study in Comparative Anatomy," Journ. Anat. & Phys. xxv. p. 105. 3 " On the Anatomy of tbe African Elephant (Elephas africanus, Blum.)," P. Z. S. 1879, p. 420. 1 On pi. xxxviii. of his memoir. |