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Show 8 ME. E. Y. WATSON ON THE HESPEEIID^E. [Jan- 17, assumed by the species when in a state of complete repose; and it will be found that all those species which are known to rest with their wings expanded fall naturally into the Pyrrhopyyinee or Hesperiince, and in no single instance into the Pamphilince, and only in very few instances are species of these two subfamilies known to rest with their wings raised over their backs. The only other character which has been found of importance is the description of secondary male characters found on the upper side of the fore wing, and this is limited in its value by there being in many genera no secondary male characters on the fore wing. H o w ever, the costal fold is never found except among the Hesperiince, and the discal stigma of whatever form never except among the Pamphilince ; other male characters, such as tufts and patches of modified scales on the underside of the fore wing, either side of the hind wing, or on the legs, appear to be shared in common by both Jlesperiinee and Pamphilince. There is little doubt that when more is known of the earlier stages of the family other characters will be found, but at present it is quite impracticable to generalize from the few facts known. A little has been done in this direction bv Scudder in the ' Butterflies of N e w England,' but only very few genera are referred to, and the characteristics there given as peculiar to the Hesperiince and Pamphilince do not seem to hold when applied to the few Old World species of which it has been found practicable to examine the earlier stages; no mention of these stages has therefore been made in the present paper, pending fuller investigations. The terms used in the descriptions are as follows :-the antennae are called " hooked " when the terminal portion of the club is bent to less than a right angle with tbe remaining portion of the club, and " sickle-shaped " when the whole of the club is evenly curved and not abruptly angled; when the club is abruptly angled" but not " hooked " it is spoken of as simply " bent." The palpi are termed " porrect" when the third joint is extended horizontally in front of the face in continuation of the axis of the body, "erect" when the third joint is extended perpendicularly in front of the face at right angles to the axis of the body-in this case the third joint frequently curves back over the vertex-and " suberect" when the third joint of the palpi lies at less than a right angle with the axis of the body. These terms are only used when the third joint is more or less conspicuous and its direction obvious; in the majority of genera the third joint is very short and inconspicuous, and in describing these no mention is made of its direction, which is in many cases difficult to definitely point out, and would render the diagnosis liable to misconception. In comparing the length of the cell with the length of the costal margin, the latter is measured in a straight line from the base of the wing to the apex, and the former from the base of the wing to the upper angle of the cell. The length of the inner margin is measured in a straight line from the base of the wing to the outer angle, and the outer margin in a straight line from the outer angle to the apex of the wing. The veins are treated as |