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Show l18 With these significant structures as a basis, a partition function (a mathematical equation of some complexity) is formulated using the partition functions of the solid and gas states and certain experimental data. This function has the property that when a liquid mole becomes solid, i.e. V=VS then the function is nothing more than the partition function for the solid and when the liquid mole becomes a gas, (i.e. V is much, much larger than Vs)' the partition function is that of the gas state.76 The function is in essence an equation which describes all three phases: solid, liquid and gas. With a partition function all the thermodynamic and transport properties, such as the melting point, crit- ical point, heat capacity, viscosity, etc., can be readily calculated. Compared to data obtained experimentally, the data Eyring and co-workers have obtained mainly theoretically has given good to excellent results for the liquid noble gases (Argon, Zenon, Krypton), diatomic liquids (hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, etc ), organic liquids, metals and fused salts. . It can be shown with this model that the proportion of molecules in the liquid in a solid-like state is VS/V and the proportion in a gaslike state is (V-VS)/V, where VS is the volume of the solid per mole and V the volume of the liquid per mole. Probably the most important general result of significant liquid structure theory is that any liquid property X], has the value X1=VS/V XS+(V-Vs)/V X where X5 and X9 are the same 9 77 properties for the solid and gas states. One of the greatest challenges for any liquid theory is to explain both the abnormal and normal properties of water. For Eyring this in- volved the construction of a model for water with two solid-like struc- tures which he calls ice I-like and ice III-like. With these two |
