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Show The Hiflory of P L A N T S. decurrent-leaved, very prickly Carduus. 5· !he clufl:er-headed Carduus. 6. The Carduus, called the great Cirfium, or gentle th1file. 7· The common, many-headed, meadow Carduus. 8. The fiellate-headed Carduus. 9· The broad, laciniatedleaved Carduus. 1 o. 'the yellow, narrow-leaved Carduus. l I. The purple, fiellate Carduus, with undivided leaves. 12. The little-headed Carduus. I 3. The yellow, broader-leaved Carduus. 1 4· The eryngium-leaved Carduus. I 5· The yellowifh , red, hoary Carduus. 16. The round-headed, divided-leaved Carduus. I7. The fuccory-leaved Carduus. 1 ~L The rocket-leaved Carduus. I 9· The conglobateheaded Carduus. 20. The coronopus-leaved Carduus. 21. The turnep-leaved Carcluus. 22. Tl)e afphodel-rooted, foft Carduus. 23. The laciniated-le~ved Cirfium. 24. The Cidium, with a large head, and large fquammre. 25. The hauy, compatl:: flowered Carduus. z6. The narrow, undivided-leaved Carduus. 27. The finely divided-leaved Cirfium. 28. The fonchus-leaved Cirfium. 29. The dock-leaved Cirfium. 30. The ferratula-leaved Cirfium. 3 I. The dwarf Cirfium. 3 2 . The burdock-leaved Cirfium. CYNARA. T. H E calyx is dilated, imbricated, and formed of fquammre of a :flefhy firuB:ure, emarginated and pointed. This genus comprehends the Cynara and Scolymus of authors. Cynara foliis pinnatis, laciniis ferratis. The Cynara, with pinnated and ferrated leaves. Jrbt ~rticboltt ann <tbarllon. The root is oblong and fibrated ; the leaves are a foot and half long, eight inches broad, and of a pale greyifh-green ; they are deeply laciniated or pinnatifid, and the fegments or pinnre ferrated at the edges: the fialk rifes to two feet high ; it is thick, tough, ftriated, and hoary : the heads fiand on the extremity of the branches; they are very large, and the corollre purple. This plant varies in the having it's leaves prickly, and divided into narrower fegments. It is in this fiate that our gardeners blanch it's fialks for the table, under the name of Chardon; and fame have efieerned thefe two different fpecies, but experiment fhews, that they will both rife from the feeds of the fame head. The other fpecies are, I. The broad-leaved, wild Cynara. 2. The very prickly, blue-flowered, fmaller-headed Cynara. 3· The fmaller Cynara of Candy. CARL IN A. T HE calyx is broad ; the marginal fquammre are long, coloured, and refemble the radius of a flower. Car/ina caule unifloro. Tbe Carlina, with a Jingle flower. cttarlitte 3tl)tftlt. The root is large, thick, and creeping; the leaves are numerous; they lie on the ground in a radiated manner, and are fix inches long, an inch and a half broad, deeply divided, and as it were curled at the edges, and very prickly: the flowers are purple ; the heads are large and very prickly, but they have no vifible pedicle. Though this fpecies have no fialk in it's common fiate, the head growing fe.fiile in the center of the leaves; if planted clofe in pots, it will rife to a foot high. It is found on our heaths. C. Bauhine calls it, Carlina acaulos magna flare. It's root was once kept in the !hops, as an alexipharmic and afiringent, but it is now out of ufe. The other fpecies are, I. The taller, many-flowered, wild Carlina. 2 . The great, gummy Carlina. 3. The tall, deeply, ferrated-leaved Carlina. , 4· T he tall, manyheaded Carlina. 5· The yellow-flowered, perennial Carlina. 6. The li ttle, yellow, patulous-flowered Carlina. 7· The lhorter-leaved, patulous-flowered Carlina. 8. T he umbellated, Italian Carlina. 9· The great, purple, patulous-flowered Carlin a. CAR-The Hi}ldry of P L A N T s. s6g CARTHAMUS. T H E calyx is of an oval figure, and imbricated ; the fquammre are of an ovat figure, and foliaceous at the extremity. Carthamus joliis ovatis integris ferrato-aculeatis. lJ5aftatb The Carthamus, with undivided, oval, ferrato-aculeate leaves. ~affton. The root is oblong and white ; the plant rifes to two feet high ; the ftalk is flender and round : the leaves are two inches long, more than an inch broad, obtufe at the end, ferrated, and prickly round the edges : the heads are large, and furrounded with leaves: ~he flowers are of a reddi(h yellow or faffron colour: the feeds are large, long, and white. It is a native of Egypt. C. Bauhine calls it, Cnicus vulgaris, five Carthamus offi.cinarum. It's feeds were once in ufe as a cathartic, but are now negletl:ed. The other fpecies are, I . The woolly-fialked, dentated-leaved Carthamus, the yellow AtraCl:ylis of authors. 2. The Ieifer, blue Carthamus. 3· The great, blue, prickly Carthamus. 4- The dwarf, purple Carthamus. 5· The long, ferrated-leavedCarthamus. 6. The broad, lhorter-leaved Carthamus. I I I . (:;' N I c u s. T HE calyx is of an oval figure and imbricated: the fquammre are ramofe and prickly, and 'equal the corollre in length. This genus comprehends ·the Acarna of Vaillant. Cnicus caule 'diffufo foliis dentato-Jinuatis . . . The dijfufe-Jlalked Cnicus, with dentated and Jinuated "leaves. (!arnuus 1J5enentctu.S'. The root is oblong, white, and flender : the plant grows to two feet high : the ftalks are ftriated, flend er, ramofe, and diffufe: the leaves are numerous; four inches long, an inch and a half broad, finuated, and dentated at the edges) and they furround the fialk at their 'bafe ; the heads are large, prickly, and furrounded with leaves : the flowers are yellow : the fialks of the plant are often yellowifh or reddilh; the leaves of a firong green. It is a native of the Eafl:, but thrives very well in our gardens. C. Bauhine calls it, Cnicus fylveftris hirfutus, five Carduus BenediCl:us. An infufion of the leaves of this plant is given to work off emetics ; it is alfo efl:eemed a cardiac and alexipharmic, but is not ufed as fuch with us. The other fpecies are, I. The cordated-leaved, Siberian Cnicus. 2. The yellow, or purple-flowered, acat~thus-leave? Cnic?s. 3· The blue, prickly Cnic!ls. 4· !he Cnicus, with leaves vanegated With white. 5· The dwarf, purple, pnckly Cmcus. 6. The many-headed Cnicus. A T R A C T Y L I S. T HE corollula:! are radiated, and thofe of the radius are divided into five lhort fegments at the mouth. The characters fufficiently diftinguifh the AtraClylis from all the other genera, without a farther defcription. I t S T lE B E. T H E receptacle is paleaceous ; the down is plumofe : there is a peculiar cup formed of five leaves, furrounding each flower belo~ the germen. . . Thefe charatl:ers fufficiently alfo difiinguilh the Strebe, without a farther defcnptlon. 7F S TiE HE~ |
