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Show r6S The Hijlory of P L A N T S. Gratiola. Hedge Hyjfop. The root of this is oblong, of the thicknefs of a goofe-quill, and . creeps under the furface of the earth : it is white, and jointed, and fends out a multttude of fibres from the feveral joints. The ftalk is round, of ~ retl~ilh colo.ur at the bottom, and greeniili toward the top ; it grows to five, fix, c:r etght mches h1gh. The leaves fia~d in pairs oppofite to one another, and at fmall d1fiances: they are oblong, broadell: m the middle, and terminate in a point ; they ufually are even at the. edges, but [ornetimes are lightly dentated. The flowers ~and on {hart branches, an~ng from the alee of the leaves : they are fingle, oblong, finated, and are of a yel.lowtih col?ur a.t t?e bafe and white or reddilh in all other parts of the furface, and a little yellowtih Wtthm. Th~ whole plant is remarkably bitter. . • . It is frequeht in Germany, Italy, .and France. C .. Bauh.me calls. It, Gratwla centauroides. J. Bauhine fimply, Gratwla; others, Gratia De1 centaunum paluftre, and Polemonium palufire amarum. . . It is a violent purge and vomit. People, m places where it ~s to be had, .often take an infufion of it in dropfies, jaundices, and many other chrome cafes. It IS a rough medicine, but a powerful ol}e. P I N G U I C U t A. T HE calyx of the Pinguicula is a fmall, ringent, permanent perianthium. The upper lip of it is erect, and divided into three fegments; the lower lip is reflex, and divided into two. The corolla is ringent, and confifis of a :lingle petal : the longer lip is firait, obtufe, trifid, and fupine : the fhorter lip is bifid, more obtufe, and patent. The nectarium is of a corniculated figure, and is produced from the bafis of the petal. The fiamina are two bifid filaments ; one of the branches is cylindric and crooked, it turns upwards, is lhorter than the cup, and has it's anthera; the other is iliorter than this, and produces a glandule : the antherre are roundilh. The germen of the pifiil is globofe : the fiyle is very ihort; the fiigma is bilabiate; the upper lip of it is large, plane, and reflex, and covers the antherre; the lower lip is very narrow, erect, bifid, and iliorter. The fruit is an oval capfule, compreffed at the top, and containing only one cell, in which there are feveral fmall feeds, of a cylindric figure, and a loofe receptacle. 1. Pinguicula neElario cylindraceo longitudine petali. The Pinguicula, with a cylindric neEiarium of the length of the corolla. 110utter~ lbort. This is the fpecies of Pinguicula found with us, and called Yorklhire Sanicle. The root of this fpecies confifis of a tuft of fibres moderately thick, but not very long; from this root there rife four, five, or more leaves: thefe lie flat on the ground, and o.re of a yellowiili green colour, and are foft and unctuous on the furface, as if rubued over with o~l or butter. They are two inches long, about an inch broad, and o?tuie at t~e p01?t: the edges are even ; and the upper furface of the leaf, if mcely examlned, IS found to be covered with a fine filky down or hairinefs. From among thefe leave.s rife u~ twc:, or three, or more pedicles, fometimes only one; thefe are t~rce or ~our mches. 10 height, and on t~e top of each fiands a fingle flower, of a purplt~1, bl~1!h, or W~Ite colour, fome~hat refembling a violet in it's general form. This _fpecies g~ows m boggy places m fome parts of England, but it is not common wllh us; m Sweden, Germany, and Denmark, it is much more abundant. C. Bauhine and Tourn~fort call it,. Pi~guicula Gefneri, and many others borrow the fam~ name ; fame call It fimply Pmgmcula, but that is erroneous, as there are other fpecies of the fame genus. This fpecies varies in. the fize ~ndin t~e colour of the flower very confiderably, in confequence of the places It g~ows 1?. Lmna:ms Fl. Lap. mentions a variety of it with a purp~e flower,. and ~he labia whue. The large pu~·ple-flowered Pinguicula of Ray is a vanety of this fpec1es. The length of the fpur behmd the flower varies alfo extream-ly) The Hijlory of P L A N T S. x6g Iy; and to this, as well as ~o the fi~e and colour, ate owing many of the fuppofed diftinct fpecies of the Engh!h botamfis. 2. Pinguicula neE!ario coni to petalo brevi ore. The Pinguicula, with a conic neEiarium, jhorter than the corolla. The root of this fpecies is compofed of two or three fmall fibresj each of which divides into three or four ramifications; from this root there rife three, four, or five leaves, fometimes more: they are fatty on the furface, and of a pale green colour, narroweft at the ba.fe, broadefi near the other extremity, and terminate in an obtufe point. The fialk ufually rifes :lingle in the midfi of thefe leaves; it is two or three inches high, and fupports a :lingle flower, fomew hat of the external lhape of a violet, of a white colour, with an elegant yellow fpot in the palate of the corolla, where there is a grey one in the common kind. The great difl:inClion, however, is in the nectarium, which in this fpecies is lhort and conic; Ray feems to mean this by that he calls, Pinguicula flare albo minore calcari breviffimo. The Baunines feem alfo to have known it as difiinct from the former, though they did not well underfiand what the difiinCl:ion was. We have it on the bogs in Wefimoreland, but very fcarce; it is more frequent in Sweden, Norway, and fome parts of Germany. 3. Pinguicula Jcapo villqfo. The hairy-.ftalked Pinguicula. This is the fmalle!l: of all the Pinguicula kind. It's root is c6mpofed of three ot four fibres, which divide each into a few ramifications : from this there rife three or four leaves, about three quarters of an inch in length, half an inch in breadth, and very obtufe at the ends ; they are of -a pale green colour, and fatty, furface. In the mid.ft of thefe rifes a fingle Halk, fometimes two, or more, on the top of which fiands a :lingle flower, fmaller than in ~either of the former fpecies, and of a pale blue, or pale red colour. The ftalks are covered with a fine foft hairinefs, which is the eifential charaCter of the fpecies. T~is is found in Cornwal, and in fome other parts of England; in Lapland alfo, and m fome parts of Germany, it has been lately difcovered. Ray calls it, Pinguicula flare minore cameo. Rudbeck, Pinguicula Lapponum vel Alpina minima flore purpureo liis ad radicem ternis rotundis. ' U T R I C U L A R I A. T HE calyx of the Vtricularia is a very fm'all perianth1um, compofed of two oval, concave, deciduous leaves. The flower is of the ring~nt kind: it conlifts of a fingle petal. The uppet lip is plane, obtufe, and ereCt; the lower lip is large, plane, and entire : the palate of the flower is cordated, and appears prominent between the lips : the neCtarium is corniculated, and arifes from the bafe of the petal. The ftamina are two very lhort and crooked filaments; the antherre are fmall and coherent. The germen ~f the yifiil ~s globofe, t~e .fiyle is capillary, and of the length of the cup ; and the fl:1gma IS come. The frmt IS a large, globofe capfule having only one cell, and in it a number of fmall feeds. ' This genus takes in the lentibularia of Rivinus, Vaillant, and Dillenius. I. Utricu./aria 11eElario conico longiore. Tbe Utricularia, with a longer, conic neElarium. The root of this fpecies is thin, whiti{h, and creeping; from this arife a multitude of branches, which divide into many others, and are furniilied with finely divided or divaricated leaves : thefe branches, with their leaves, lie flat upon the mud, and fend out fibrous roots at feveral diftances, by which they are faflened down to it At the fame parts of thefe branches, from whence the roots grow, there are alfo affixed a very fingular kind of round hollow bodies ; they are a kind of pellucid veficles or Utriculi, and have only one aperture. Thefe are very numerous on the branches': the genus has it's name from them, but it is not eafy to afcertain their ufe. From thefe branches, X x in |
