OCR Text |
Show 2I4 The Hiflory of p LA N T S. · h · h 1 third of an inch broad, and of a blui{h together: thefe a~e fix or etg t me es o:eg,i: to deca , and dry up, their edges turn in, green colour, whtle ~~{h; b~t, ;s the~ti~ colour. a~d this is the fiate they are moil: and they grow t:ou.n I l, a~ t~ef: ~ifes the ftalk,' which is flender, and grows to t~o frequentl£y feenh' mh. alm~ngfi nd rigid and has about four joints, at each of whtch or three eet tg tIS rm a ' ft lk :(; d'ft nds a fin le lear' like the radical ones, and ~urrounding the . a to orne I a nee at ftihae bafe. gA t t he top of the f. ta.l k fiands a flpike or ear' very hke that of wheat, but not fo thick though equal to It m length. 11 • G This ii ecies is common about the fea-lhores in England.. Ray ca s. tt, ramen ca- m. num mpa r.m. mum iipt,' ca triticea · Tournefort Gramen }ohaceum rad1ce repente ma- ~ . · 'b n·t n· num ; an d Van Royen , Triticum foliis acummat1s pungent1 us. H 0 R DE U M. 1 • T HE calyx of the Hordeum is a partial involucru~,. compofe? of fix le~w~s, and containing three flowers: the leaves are ereB:, lmear, acummated, and two of them are placed under every flower ; there is no glum e.. The corolla co.nfifts of two valves; the inferior valve is ang;ular, of an ovat?-acumma~ed ~gure, be~hed, and longer than the cup, and terminates m a very long at·J~a : the mtenor valve IS lanceolated, plane, and fmaller. The !lamina are thre~ capill_ary ~laments, fl:lOrter than the :flower : the <\Qthene are oblong : the germen of the ptfhl. IS of a tur.bmated, oval ~gure: the ' fiyles 1are two in number, and are reflex. and ha1ry; the fbgmat~ are. fimilar. The coJo\la ferves as a pericarpium, furroundmg the feed, and not lettmg It. out, The feed is oblong, ventricofe, angulated, pointed at each end, and marked With a longitudinal fl\r.row. : . _ This genus comprehends the Hordeum and the <?ram~n fecalmum of Ray. ln Jome of the fpecies all the three flowers, con tamed m the common cup, ar~ her .. milphrodite and fertile'; in others the two lateral flowers are only males, and the mter .. medi~te , one hermaphrodite. 1 ~ Hordeum jfqfculis lateralibus ;najfulis, muticis, angularibus · I 1 ~ imbricatis. · J The Hordeum, with the lateral flowers male and nahed, t~e angular ones imbricated. The root of this fpecies is cGmpofed of a clufi:er of [mall, white, and long; fibres ; from this rife ten or twelve leaves, long, . narrow, of a pale green, and very thm, very like thofe of wheat, but fomewhat narrower; amdng· thefe rife the fi:alks : they grow to two feet, or m,ore, in he\ght, but not nearly fo high as thofe of wheat : they are hollow, but yr.ry fi,rm, and Have ufually about fix joints; at each joint ftands a :lingle leaf, which is Jiearly as broad as the wheat-leaf, and at the bottom furrounds the ftalk to fome diftance from the joint. At the top ftands a fpike or ear, abo'r!t four inches. long, and half an inch thick, a~d every way furrounded with very long ariftre or awns. . . I I ' I ' • ' ) • This tpecies is fowfl in our fields. C. B~uhine calls it, Hordeum difi:ichum ; and rnpft.'other. #riters '1?~ the fame nhme. ' . ~ I ' ' 2. H" ord• e.Jfm.flofculis l(lteralibus ??falculis, atil!atis. .· ~t ':/'', ':P'' 1 The Hordeum, with the lateral flowers, male and arijlated. JThe root of this fpecies is compofed of a great number of flender, white fibres, varioufl. y- interwoven with one an~ther. From this rife feveral oblong, graffy leaves; they are four or five inches long, a third of an inch broad, and pointed at the end ; of a pale green colour, and fomewhat rigid to the touch. . Among thefe rifes the fialk; it feldom exceeds five or fix inches in height, and is ofterl oblique, rather than erect: it .has three or four joints, and at each a fingle leaf, furrounding it almoft to the next jomt. At it's top fiands a long fpike or ear, very much refembling an ear of barley, and furniflled with arifire as long and frequent. . r ' ' This fpedes is very frequent by way-fides, and in bar-ren places, often on walls. It was long called barley-grafs ; of late it has tx:en caHed rye-grafs, but Linnreus has properly Tbe Hijlory of P L A N T 'S. perly referred it t() the harleys again. C. Bauhine calls it, Gramen Hordeaceum minus et vulgare. Ray, Gr.amen fecalintim et fecale fylveftre. E L Y M U ·S. T HE calyx is a common involucrum, containing feveral flowers in two fpicui:D, placed near one another on the fame denticle of the fpike. It conGfts of four leaves, which are ereCt, aoute, and narrow. The corolla is compofed of two valve~ : the fiamina are three fhort and ilender filaments; the anth~rre are oblong. The germen is oval ; the ftyles are two, and their fiigmata fimple. The feed is oblong. r. Elymus /pica j/accido-pendula. The Elymus, with a jlaccido-pendulous /pike. The root of this fpecies is compofed of a clufter of moderately thick fibres ; from this arife eight or ten leaves ; they are ten inches long, and more than half an inch broad, of a pal~ green colour, ftriated and rough to the touch, both on the upper and under furfates, If the han? ?e drawn backward over them. Among thefe rife feveral ftalks i .they a;e ~allow, Jc'Hnted, round, and grow to two or three feet in height; at e~ch J9mt. fian4s a ,Engle leaf, furrounding the ftalk a great way at the bafe, in form of d vagina; and, when it feparates from it, of the form of the radic<Ylleaves. At the top of the ftalk . Hands a fpike o~ fix or feven inches long, and of a lax ftruB:ure, not erect, . but bendmg ; the ftalk Itfelf between the fpiculre being compreffed and very thin, and thence too feeble to fupport itfelf upright. It is compofed bf two rows of thefe little fpikes, and furi)i{hed with very lohg arifi:re. · This fpecies is a native of Siberia. Gmelin calls jr, Triticum radice perenni fpiculis binis longiffime ariftatis. 2. Elymus arfltis .fpicttla longioribus, involucris mttgnis. 1be Elymus, with very large involucra, and with arfltce longer tban the . . . . . , .fpiculce.. . .. l J ~ I I f , The rt:>ot ,o£ tpjs fpecies is coUJpofed of a ~umber of olDlong ramifications, creeping undet the fur face of the earth. From the feveral joints of th~fe arife clufters of leaves iix or eight inches long, not very proad, and terminating ii1 ' i point. Among thefe tifes a fta}k a. (oot,; 1 01' more, in J~eight, round, jointed, of a pale green €O}qur, and .hollow. lAt ey~,ry jo;pt of this flands a leaf, furrounding it a~ t~e bafe, and growfn~ to a confider:a?Ie l<tpgth from it: ,at \he }op .fi~Ilds a {pikei )t~ree ir;c;h~s in length, ap~ mo~erately tb•ck, c9~ppfe.4 of a dq\)b1e fenes of. ~art fpi uf;;e; •. 0e flowers are frnall, the mvol.llc;ra1 larg~;llA~ YH£~er,, P,J}I)\ th1e. whqle fpik~ cc;>Vereq , wah ariftre or awns. . This fpecies is a_ native of Virginia, and many other parts of North America, and IS !Jalleci. hy) Gt~.nn~u~ ,kl:orde?m fj.qfs:uli orpnjbus ~rma_phrodiJis, involucris fiofculos <;rWlti~ ~t lpngfffidJpq fpp~~anHbqs.· , .. 1 • • , • ; > , " - .. IJ ... j'.&U;:J J.J 'J I 1.' ··p i·L .. f' '1 !., . , ( • • c f •· I • ( I l I. Clafs the Third. Order the 'Ihird. T R I A N D R :1 A" T R 1 'G Y N I A. • {{ ' r J f!J I • " . , ,. ' ~ , f' • ') f . ' f ' . ' lMcrtt4S mhich .. bfJ7?Je Aflr ~v.qry jlow,ir,Jhr.ee jla,'rtlfna, a.na three jlyles. r J • r ; , E R I 0 C A U L 0 N. T l{ Er oaly.~ o~ the Rciocaulon is a 1ccommon pe.rianthium, Q£ a globofe, depreffed form; tmbncated, and formed mf .pctrmaneGt. fqlllam~ce, of an equ'll fize, ~qd !anceolated fhape. The general corolla is uniform and convex : the proper col'olla Is formed of three petals of a lanceolated figure, obtufe, hairy at the top, and finall at the.bafe, where they coale(ce and form a hairy fiyliform body. The ftamina are three c~{HUary!~l!ltpepts growing on the germen: the antherre are oblong and verfutile. The germen IS flender, and placed within the corolla, under the fiamina. The fiylcs are three |