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Show / 534 The Hijlory of P L A N :I'. )S. It is common on our fea-coafrs, and on the banks of rivers, toward their openings into the fea. A decoCtion of the root is an excellent. di~retic an,d e(Ilollient. The other fpecies are, 1. The hemp-leavdl Althma, common1y called hemp-leaved Alcea. z. The deeply finuated, l~aved · Alth:r'a, · · 3. ihii large- flo~ered, trifid hairy-leaved Althrea, the Alcea liirfuta of Bauhin~. ' H I B I ~ C U $. . . T HE calyx is double: the exterior one is COI?Jpofed of a grt;a~· number ofle~ves· the capfule contains five cells, and, in 'each of them feveral feeds. . ~ This genus comprehends the Bibifcus and Trioccum of Linnreus's Genera :Plantarum, the Malvavifcus of Dillenius, the Ketmia of Tournefort, and the Bammia of Ruppus. · I. Hibjfcus Joliis cordato-quinquangularibus olfolete Jerratis. Jtf)t <!bi::: The Hib!fcus, with cordato-quinquangzdar, firrated leaves. mft 1!\ofe-.· The root is very large and divaricated ; the plant grows to the ftature of a fmall tree: the fiem is woody; the leaves are divided fomewhat like thofe of the vine, cordated at the bafe, and ferrated ; they ftand on long reddifl1 pedides, and are of a pale green on the upper furface, and hoary belo'w : the flowers are of the fize of a large rofe, and of a beautiful red colour. It is a native of China. Morifon calls it, 'Altha-a arborea rofa Chinenfis ; Ferra-rius, Rofa Sinenfis. · · 2. Hib!fcus foliis corda~o-peltatis Jeptemangularibtts ferratis hifpidis. 'The Hibifcus, with rough, firrated, cordato-peltated, and fiptangular leaves. ~!btl;: tnofcU~ The root is long and white; the ftalk is robuft, hairy, and green 1 the leaves are rough to the touch, ferrated, and deeply angulated : the flowe rs a~e not very, large; they are yellow, and of a perfumed fcent : the feed is much fweeter. It i~ a na:ive of Egypt, the E~fl: Indies, anq 'AO:edca. C. Bau~in~ calls it, Alcca JEg~pt1aca v1llofa. The feeds of It were once, kept 1n opr Dwp~ as· a .pra~~c~tive and cordial, but they are now out of 'ufe. · 3· Hib!fcus foliis tripartitis incijis, calycibus injl;tis. lelanbtr The tripartite-leaved Hibffcus, with in/fated cups. ~lcea. The root is oblong and white; the ftalks are numerous, round, and weak; the leaves are fmooth, and deeply divided into fegments, which are fen;ated on their ~dges : the flowers are large and yellow1 with a black bottom: the fruit is compofed m an mflated, open cup. · It is a native of Italy. C. Bauhine ca1Is it, Alcea veficaria; Linnreus, Trioccum. 4. Hib!fcus foliis ovatis acuminatis firratis, caule jimplicif! imo. The oval, acuminated, firrated-leaved, Jimple-jlalked Hibifcus. ~Int:::Ita tb Jlttttnta. The root is very long, tough, and white; the fialk is ereCt, .fimple, round, hollow,. and of a pale green; the leaves are fomewhat like tho[e of the mulberry-tree, of a bnght green on the upper fide, and whitiili and hoary underneath : the flowers are very ~arge, a.nd of a pa~e red, and ft~n~ at the tops of the ftalks. · It IS a nattve of .Afnca a~d. Amen ca. Tournefort ca1ls it, Ketmia populi .folio. The other fpec1es of H1b1fcus are, I. The common fmooth-leaved Ketmia of authors .. 2. The fmooth:leaved, yellow Ketmia. 3. Th$! pop)ar-leaveq K tmia. k T~e hme-leaved Ketm1a. 5· The hemp-leaved Ke rnip. 6. 1Tl1e rongh-.llalked etmia. 7 · The ·hafiated-leaved Ketmia. 8. The vine-Jeaved Ketmia. 9· The fig-leaved · Hibifcus. The Hij}ory of P L A N T S~ 53~ Hibifcusj Io. The great, white-flowered, prickly Hibifcus. 1 1. The c 01 ·datedleaved Hibifcus. CAMELLIA. T HE calyx is imbricated, and compofed of feveral leaves, the interior of which are the larger . It is an oriental, defcribed by Krempfer, in his Japan, p. 8 so. The charaCters fu f.ficiently difiinguiili it, without a farther defcription. ·Clqfs tbe Seventeenth. D I A D E L P H I A. P !ants which have their antherce placed on two Jeparate }lands. This Clafs comprehends tbe P apilionacece of Tournejort, the Legumino.fce of Ray. The clajjical charatlers are t!:efe: T HE calyx is a perianthium, formed of a fingle leaf, decayiJJg very foon, and of a campanulated figure: it's bafe is gibbous, and is affixed to the pedicle by ic's under fur face; above, it is obtufe, and contains a honey-juice : the rim is divided into five parts, acute, ereCt, oblique, and unequal: the lower fegment, which has no fdlow, is longer than the others; the upper pairs are fhort and ramofe: the bafe, which is always wet with a honey-dew, contains the receptacle. The corolla is papilionaceous, or of the figure of a butterfly, and is unequal in it's parts: the feveral petals, which are four in number, are difl:inguiilied each by it's peculiar name. The vexillum is a petal, which covers the others; it is large~ incumbent, and of a plano-horizontal figure; it's unguis is inferted into the upper edge of the receptacle; when out of the cup, it approaches to a roundifh figure; it is nearly entire, and has a line elevated above the refl: of the furface, running all along it, and mofl: vifible near it's apex, giving an appearance of this petal's being compre:lfed downwards; the part of this petal that comes nearefr the bafe approaches to a femicylindric figure, and, in fome degree, embraces the petals that are under it; the difk of this petal is depre:lfcd on each fide, but the two ,4des, near their edges, turn upwards; where the half of the tube terminates at the explication of half of the limb, there are, behind, two hollow impreflJons, prominen t below; thefe compafs the alre, which are fubulated under them. The alc:e are a pair of petals, one placed at each fide of the corolla ; they are placed under the vexillum ; the margin is incumbent, and the fides perpendicular ; they are of a round i01, oblong figure, broadefl: externally, and have their upper edge nearly frrait, their lower [welling into a kind of roundnefs; the bafe of each is bifid : the lower portion of this bifurcation is extended into an unguis, which is infcrted into the fide of the receptacle, and is of about the length of the cup : the upper portion is n1orrer, and is bent. The carina is the lowefl: petal, it is often divided into two portions; it is fituated between the ahr., under the vexillum; it is of the iliape of a boat, hollowed, and ic's fides compre:lfed : it's bafe is mutilated, and it's lower part is· extended into an unguis, of the length of the cup, and inferted into the receptacle; it's late ral and upper fegments are il10rter, and are implicated with the like parts of the ala:: the fides of the carinn, in figure, much refemble the alee, and their fituation is alfo like, except that it is lower, and more inward. The linea carinalis, or line of the carin a, is COI\tinued nearly firait to about the middle of the petal, and, from this part to it's extremity, it rifes in to a fegment of a circle : the linea tffiarginalis is continued fl:rait to the very extremity, where it terminates, after joining obtufely with the carinal line. The flamina, called diadcl- . phous, are two filaments, unlike to one another; the one of them is fitu ated bJow, and involves the pifl:il; the other is fituated above, and lies upon the pifl:il. The lower filament furrounds the germen; it's lowell: half is membranaceous, cylindric, and opens longitudinally upwards; from hence it terminates in nine fuuulated p;1rts, which, in their length and flexure, refemble the iliape of the carina; the intermediate radii are in pairs, |
