OCR Text |
Show 536 Tbe Hijlory of P L A N T .s. pairs, alternately longer. The upper filament is of a fubula5o-.fetaccous ~Ori;J1, and covers the fiflurc of the cylindric part of the form.er filament; It· IS ~mple, mcumbent, and anfwers to the fituation of the former, and IS Owrter than It; .Jt. opens from the other at it's bafe, and, by this means, gives pafiage to a honey-like JUICe. The anther~, in the whole, are ufually ten : th~re is only one on t~e, upp~r filamen_t, but the low~r one has nine an anthera fbndmg on every one of Jt s radu ; they ate fmall, equal 10 fize and ter~inate the filament!:. The pi (til is fingle; it arifes from the receptacle, within the calyx. The germen is oblo?g, nearly cylindric, _but fomewh~t c~mpr~fie?, firait and of the leno-th of the cylindnc part of the lower filament, wh1ch mcloies It. The 'fiyle is :filiform, 0 but fomewhat fubulated; it is afcenden~, a?d. is of the. fc1me length and fituation with the radii of the filament, among wh1ch It IS placed; It endures but a ihort time peri01ing with the corolla, or foon after. The fiigma is hoary, of the length of' the fiyle, and is turned upwards,~ and placed immediately underneath the anther~. The fi·uit is an oblong, comprefied, obtufe pod, or legumen, formed of two valves, with two longitudinal futures, an upper and an under. one, both flrait, but the upper one defcending at the bafe, and the lower one afcendmg at. the apex: the pod opens at it's upper future. The feeds ar~ ufually feveral, fom ettmes fmall, roundia1, fmooth, and pulpy; they are pendulous m the pod, and_ have a prominent embryo near their place of infertion: when the ovular are excluded, the cotyledons preferve the figure of halves of the feed. The peculiar, or proper, receptacles of the feeds are very fmall, fhort, and attenuated at the bafe, obtufe at the rli~, oblong, and are inferted longitudinally and alternately along the upper upper future of the pod; the two valves being feparatcd, one half of the feeds therefore adheres to one, the other half to the other. The carina in many of the flowers of the plants of this clafs is, in reality, compofed of two petals, with their edges approximated, but not joined; but thefe carry all the appearance of it's being formed of a fingle petal, as in the others, till carefully [eparated. Of the Diadelphia fome have fix, fome eight, fame ten anther<e in each flower; they may be, therefore, arranged into three orders. Clqfs the Seventeenth. Order the Firjl. D I A D E L P H I A I-I E X A N D R I A. P !ants with fix antherce and two kinds of jlamina. FUM ARIA. T HE tl:amina are two, of a membranaceous firutl:ure, and trifid. This genus comprehends the Fumaria, Capnoidcs, Cyfiicapnos, Corydalis, Pfeudo-fumaria, and Cucularia of authors. Fumaria jiliquis paniculatis linearibus, caule ereflo. The erect Fumaria, with paniculated, linear pods. ~bcrg~ecn, ptibllt ll Jfn ntto.tp. The root is fibrous: the plant' rifes to a faot high : the flalk is round, erect, !lender, hollow, an~ .cove:ed with a greyiili powder, which eafily falls off, on rubbing; the leaves are divided mto a number of iliort, obtufe fegments, and are of a blui01 colour : the flowers are {mall, of a variegated red and yellow colour, and fiand in clull:ers, at the tops of the branches. It. is a. native of America. Tournefort calls it, Capnoides; Cornutus and others, Fumana filtquofa femper virens. The ot?er [pecies are, I. The common Fumitory. 2. The fine-leaved Fumitory. 3·. The chm~t?g F~mitory. 4· The great, fine-leaved Fumitory. 5· The Fumitory, With leaves divided mto ~ery. long fegments. 6. The little, fophia-leaved Fumitory. 7· The broad-leaved, chmbmg Fumitory. 8. The cordated-Ieaved Fumitory. 9· The red-flowered, hollow-rooted Fumitory. 1 o. The yellow-flowered, hollow-rooted Fumitory. T!Je Hiftory of P t A N T S. 537 Fumitory. 1 r. The green-flowered, hollow-rooted Fumitory. 12. The folid, tu .. berous-rooted Fumitory. 13. The large-leaved Fumitory. 14. The great-flowered, obtufe-fegmented Fumitory. I 5· The 1ma1ler-fiowered Fumitory. , ';J ( 1\ Clqfs the S~71enteenth. Order the Second. '.)., I D I A D E L P H I A 0 C T A N D R I A. ! v flants with eight,,61I7~therc:e ~n two kind~ if filaments. P 0 L Y ,G ALA. l I J I ,' T HI:; calyx is compofed of five leaves, two o{ which refemble the al~, and art1 coloured. , This genus comprehends the Polygaloides, Chamrehoxus, and P~nrea of authors. Po(ygala Joliis /ineari-lanceoldtis, caulibus dijfujis. 7he diflife-j}alked Polygala, witb lineari-lanceolate leaves. <!onunon .®tUilllO~t. The root is oblong, flender, and white: the fialks are numerous, procumbent, round, hard, and flepder, and grow to four, fix:, or eight inches long: the leaves are about a third of an inch long, broader at the lower part of the fialk, and narrower towa_rds the top of it; they are fmooth, and of a bright green colour: the flowers form a kmd of fpikes, at the tops of the branches; they ar~ moderately large, and naturally ?Iue, but often red or white: the plant alfo is, fomettmes, larger, and more erect, fomettmes linaller, and more procumbent; and, under thefe feveral appearanc~s, authors have made fix or eight different fpecies of it, as the red-flowered, the white-flowered, the myrtle-leaved, &c. Polygala. . . . It is common in our pafiures. C. Bauhme calls It, Polygala vulgans. The other really clifiinct fpecies are, r. The pointed-leaved, taller Polygal~. 2. The variegated-flowered, very narrow, and long-;leaved Polygala. 3· The little-leaved, large flowered Polygala. 4· The great, fhr~bby, African Polygala.. 5· The graffyleaved ihrubby Polygala. 6. The great-flowered, flax-leaved, Afncan Polygala. 7· The yellow, box-leaved, fhrubby Polygala. 8. The American, long-leaved, white Poly gala. HEISTERIA.- T I-IE calyx is compofed of five leaves, and thofe. n.earl~ equal, and. re~ularly arranged. This fingular firt.~cture of the calyx d1lhngmlhes t?e .Heifiena fufficiently from all the o~her gen~ra of. ~his clafs, without a farther defcnpt10n. Clqfs the Seventeenth. Order the Third. D I A D E L P H I A D E C A N D R I A. P !ants which /;ave ten antherce on two kinds of j}yles. 0 F the Diadelphia Decandria there are many more genera than of eithe.r of the former feries; and of thefe fome have the filaments connected. at thetr bafes,; others have the fiigmata hoary, and the filaments not connected at thetr bafes; others have the cups bilabiate, and the ftigmata not hoary, nor the filaments conneCted; and, finally, others have the fiigmata fimpJe, not hoary,. the filaments not .c~nneeted, and the cups not bilabiate: th~y may hence be arranged mto four feparate d1V1fions. |