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Show 58 The Hiflory of P L A N T S. e in fame iaces and lower in others. It's colour is a dufky bluilh, approa~hing to h~ ck and 1t has' often ridges irt fevernl parts of ir, forming other fmaller and trregular n..c gau r.e 's roun d"{h or oblong and finuous . thefe give it much the appearance of the 1 , , ' , E 1 ' {i fc · 11 humad ear whence it obtained it's Engli{h name, Jew s ars. t s h~r ac~ Ids .at a u·m es, exce'p t w h en a b ou t it's frutlifications ' perfett.l y fmoo·t hh; at t IS· pefnc o It apd-ears covered with an extreamly fine dufl: fcarce perce1v~ble Wlt out a m1cro cope, an rhis dull, when examined with a very powerful magmfie.r, dprohves to} be regfiu larl, ovbal feeds in vall numbers, and about the edges ar~ often perceive t e ant 1erreJ mg c, o - long very flender, and adhering to lhort pedtcles or filaments. T'his fpecies is often met with in the llump~ of old trees, and on ot.her rotten wood. But there is another kind of irregular En~relta h~rea.fter to be ment10ned, u n~.er .the name of the membranaceous expanded fpec1es, whtch JS common on .the ~ld wate1-p1p~s about Iilington, and in the like places,. and is pretty conilantly rece1ved m the ~ops m it's place. It is defcribed by C. Bauhme, under the name of .Fungus. membtanaceus auriculam referens five fam bucinus ; and other authors call 1t, ~uncula J udre, and Fungus fambucinus, from it's often growing ?n the elder:. There JS, however, a yellow Encrelia, more frequent on the elder, wh1ch many Will have to be the t.rue auncula J ud<P. : it is much recommended againft quinfies and fore throats. P~yfiCJa ~ s .do ~ot often prefcribe it ; but t.he_ co~mo? people very fr~quently ufe. a .decoet!O~ of It 1~1 m1lk for thefe purpofes, and It 1s faid with _fuccefs .. An .mfufion of 1t m water IS alfo Iecommended by many authors, as a collynum agamfl: mflammatwns of the eyes. 4· Encadia conica pediculo brevi. The conic Enccelia, with a Jhort pedicle. This is a very finall, but a very pretty Fungus ; it grows to about a third of an inch in height and is throughout of a whitilh colour and fmooth. It's root confifis of two or th~ee flender fibres ; from thefe arifes a very fmall pedicle of about an eighth of an inch high, and at the .top. ~f thi~ ftands a cup of an ~nverted conic fig~re, formed of a thin membrane, and with Its pedicle perfeCtly refemblmg a common wmeglafs, with a ihort foot. It's cavity is, w~en in the fiate of fruCti fication du il y, a~d, on dill:urbing it, fends up a fine powder : th1s powder confifis partly of antherx , wh1ch were placed at the edge of the cavity, and partly of oval feeds which were lodged in all the other parts of it. This fpecies is common on rotten fticks in our woods, fome times on dead leaves. Micheli calls it, Fungoides minimum infundibuliforme, album, heeerre foliis innafcens. • ' 5· Encte!ia pediculo longijjimo, ore Jato. The long-.ftaiked Enccelia, with a broad opening. This is a very fin gular Fungus; it's root is tuberous and perennial, of a black colour on the outfide, and whitilh within. From this there ufually grow fix or eight plants together; the pedicle of each is of the thicknefs of a wheat-ftraw, and about two inches in length; toward the top it begins to expand, and, in fine, forms a cup very wide at the mouth, not very deep, and of a conic figure with the bafe npward. The colour of the whole plant is a duiky browniil1 yellow; it's cup is fmooth on the infide, except when in the ll:ate of fruCtification; then it is fomewhat dufty, and on a fhake will difcharge it's dull: or powder, like the refl: of this gen us. The anther~, which compofe that part of this powder which is nearefl: the top of the cup, are oblong ; the remainder of it is formed of oval feeds, placed in little ihallow cavities : thefe feeds are larger than thofe of feveral other fpecies, but it requires a very good microfcope to difcover the plain eft of them with any degree of accuracy. T his fpecies is lefs common than any of the other~. I have once or twice met wi·th it in Charlton wood, between Greenwich and Woolwich. Micheli calls it, Fungoides cefpitofum infundibuliforme, fulvum, radice nigra, tuberofa, perenni. , The other fpeoies of Encrelia will eafily be dillinguifued by their names.: thofe without pedicles are, 1. The y~H~w, dee~ Encrelia: 2. The white, deep Enc~lia. 3· The angular, lhallow Encrelta, the peztta of Plmy. 4· T he curled, undulated Enc~lia. 5· The yellow, aculeated Encrelia. 6. The white, aculeated Enca:li:I. 7· The white Enccelia, hairy on the outfide. 8. T he broad, f.carlet Enc::elia. 9· The deep, The Hijlory of P L A N T s. 59 deep, fear let Encrelia. 1 o. T he thick, rough Enc::clia. I I. The furrowed, hemifpheric Enca>lia. 1.2 . T he black, rough Encrelia. 13. The lenticular Enc::clia, with hairy edges. I 4· T he purple, ihining Encrelia. I 5. The little, yellow Encrelia~ 16. The li ttle, fcarlet Encrelia. 17. The little, brown Encc.elia. I 8. The pearfaQlion~ d Encrelia, with ferrated edges. 19. The fcarlet, pear-falhioned Encrelia, with a marginated edge. 2 0 . The acorn-cup Encc.elia. 21 ~ The great, expande~ membranaceous Encrelia. Of the Encrelia which have pedicles are, z. The Fungiform , curled Encrelia. 2. The Enc:di'!, with a very thick pedicle. 3· The undulated Encc.elja, with a long p~d icle. 4· The funnel-{haped Encrelia. 5· The ramified, tall En.c~lia. 6. T he tall Encrelia, white wichout, and red within. 7· The grey, ihort Encrelia. 8. The littLe, fcarlet, bending Enc~lia. 9· The little, white, cup Enc~l ia. I o. T he great, open Encrelia. I r. The bl~k Encrelia, with a brown fpotted mouth. f U N Q I Clafi. 1he Third. Oenus th~ Eighth. CLAVA RIA. CLAV A RIA is a genus of Fungi, confifiing of a fingle, oblong, ereCt body, or fialk, of an uni,fonp. f~rface, and of a foft, fldhy, and fucculent ftruCture. Vaillant firfl: eftablifhed this genus of Fungi, but he gave no charaCters of it. Dillenius has confounded it with ~ number of others, under the name of Fungoides; apd Linnreus has taken in, under it, the Coralloides of Tournefort, and others, which are of a difiinet genus, as is evident from their ftrutture and fruCtification, The Clavarire produce diil:intt male and female fiowers. The male flowers are anther::c, adhering four or ~ore in a dufl:er to the fame filament : the female flowers have nothing di fii ngui!hable~ except the feeds which are round, and are lodged in lhallow cavities. T he male and fem~le flowers are both produced on the furface of the plant; the male flowers only on the upper part, the female only on the lower, Of the Clava,rice fome are very tall and ileqder, others thicl{er and !horter; fame are nearly of an uniform thicknefs all the way, others are gradually finaller from the bafe to the· extremity, where ~hey teqni n~te in a point ; but the far greater part are fmallefl: at the bottom, and large toward the top. They fo~e of them grow fingle, others in clufiers; and; finally, fqrp.e 9f them are hollo w~ but the far greater part are folid. l· Cl(Jvaria Jimplex durior apice obttif'o. The hard~r, jimp.lfJ Q{a:prtria, 't£)ith an obtzle top. Th i~ ha~ for it's root f1 littl~ tuberofity qf a blacki{h colour, froJll which it rifes in form of a fmal~ cluq ; i~·~ Jower part is ro~.mdilh, and of the thic~nefs of a fmall .firaw; in this fqrm 1t runs qp half It's peight, but from this part upwards it fwells into twice that thicknefs, and terminates at the top in ap obtufe point. It's colour is black; it's fubfl:ance fleiliy, bu t fomewhat hard; it feldom grows quite firait; and it's height is from an inch and half to more than two inches : in it's mature ftate, if it be carefully drawn through th~ fingers, tp~re wiiJ a fubtle powder be left on them, which, examined by the microfcope, appears to be compofed of a mixture of oblong and mutilated particlesl and of pretty regularly round ones. "The plant itfelf, carefully examined, will be found to have the oblong ones growing all round it's upper part, and adhering in little clufiers to the ends of filaments, four or more to each filament ; thefe are the antherre, or m~le flo wer~ , n~ thefe alone occupy the top of the plant : lower do ~n as far as to the bottom of the thick part, there lie the other round particles or feeds in clull:ers, four or more together. The plant is common in many parts of England ; in autumn among high grafs. I })ave found it abuhdandy about Denham in Buckinghamlhire, and elfewhere. Ray calls it, F1,1n~us ophio~loifoides niger ; ·and Vaillant) Clavaria ophiogloifoides nigra. ~ . Cla~aria |