OCR Text |
Show sss The Hiflory of P L A N T S. ments conneCted at their bafes into four feparate bodies : the anthera~ are roundiih; the aerm;n is oblong · there is fcarce any fiyle; the fiigma is fimple :_the fruit is an oblong pointed capfule, formed of two valves, and included in the larger leaves of the calyx; the feeds are numerous, fmall, and round. It is an American defcribed by Plumier. The charaCters fufficiently difi:ingui.lh it, without any farther defcdption. Clefs tbe Nineteenth. S Y N G E N . E S I A. P /ants, whqfe antberce coalifce itzto a cylinder. ''0 ,J I I t ~ t J H 1 Tbis clqfs comprehends the Herbce Jlore compojito of Tournifort, Ray, . and others. · 1 ' r ' ~ • . • ' l'l I ._ fr; f t l' The clajjical characters of the flowers of theft plants,called Compo.Jit:. :Plo'lile'rs, are as follow. 'The character of theji~tgle Flofcu!fris this·: · r ~ T H E calyx is a kind of corona of the feed, placed oil the fummif' of tge germen.· . • .I )jfJ() ( 'j J(• I II ~ ~ the corolla 1s formed of a fingle petal : the tube IS very narrow, very long, an<F fltuate on the germen, and is either tubul~ted or ligulated_, or wholly without a Ji111bt"l In the ~ubulated corolla, the limb is of a ca'mpanblated figure, di\Jided ' intd 'flve\'r~ flexo-patent fegments. In the ligulated corolla, the Jimb is linear, plane, and turned outwards; and it's extremity is fometimes entire~ feme~iple qiviq~d in~~i ~qree, ·or .ih· to five, fegments, or truncated. When~ \h.-~e ~~no .Jimb at all, there is often al!b no-tube. · • · ,\ · The fiamina are five ve~y )bort, capillary filamFI~ts,, i,qfe.rte.9 iR:~9. ~1tr neck-qf}he corolla : the antherre are five, lmear and ereCt; and. tqfy coalefce 'at their fides, fo as to form~ kind of tubulated cyl~nder, with ~ve denticul'\tipn~ atJhy fA6u~h~ .'anq .P,f the, kngtq <{ the limb : the germen is oblong, and fituated under the receptay e of th<; flofcule : the flyle i's filiform, erect:, and of t.~e le-n~t~. o.f toe _fiamm_a, ~nd P.erfor~e~;tbe cyllnd;e~,, formed by the anther<r : the fi1gma Is OIVIded mto two patent, revolute fegments : there is properly no true pericarpiu;m, though in [orne 0f the ge-nera tJlr(e -is a )dpd ,ot crufi, of a coriaceous fubfiance. 1 • 1 1 • " 1 • The feed is fingle_,. o_blong, ofte~. pf a quaqr'\ngular f.ig4re, · fPd ~furlly fqw}ldt toward the ba(e, and 1s either coronated or plane ; when coronateq the corona is formed cithe: of a downy matte_r or o~ the :up of the coro_l)ula. Th~ down of fhe f~ed is fonl)e_d mto fe_veral rays, dlpofed 111 a Circular order, and the(~ , -ai-eJometimes iir;nple, fomet1mes radtate? at ~he top, and for;r?et.imes ramo(e. This dow,.q .fometimes, a'ifo, is.. f~ffile,, and ~0~1et1mes It .fiands op a pedicle : when the ; ~oronl+ ~s ~qpped p£ ~he penanthmrn, It IS frnall, permanent, and ufuaJly divided into .five lhort fegments or den-ticulations. ' · The parts of generation. are ver~ vtdotfily difpofed in t,hefe cor?Hulre in the feveral genera : Bence there are e1ght 'fpec1e of them; four of the tubulat~d and four of the Jigulated, COroJlu1re. I " ' J Of_t~e tubulated ones th:re ar~, ! . The hermaphrodite kind, in .which the fiamina and p1fi1l are _?oth P!·efent m the farpe corollula. 2. The mq.le, in which there are o?l~ the fiamma, ~1thout any .fiyle or fiigma. 3. The female, in which there is a pifitl, but no .fiamma; and, 4· The neutral, in which there is neither piftil fiyle nor• !bmina. ' ' ' The ligulated corollulre have the fame variations, under which they are expreffed by t1e fame terms. . The compofite flower, confidered in the general, is called Flos flofculofus. This IS formed of an arrangement of a great number of the former corollulre together. It's parts are properly two, the receptacle of the fructifications, and the calyx. . , Th_e co~mon r~ceptacle of the fru~ifications receives ~~umber. pf f~ffile fl?we~s.·: Its dlik. 1s fomet1mes hollow, fomctt,rne plane, convex, pyramidal, or globofe: il: s furface either naked or paleaceous. When naked, it' is fometimes covered with flight punctures, The Hi.ftory of P L A N T S. 559 punCtures, and fometimes it is covered with ereCt hairs; when paleaceous, the palere are of a fubulated figure, or linear; compreifed and ereCt, and ferve to feparate the flofcules. The calyx or common cup is a perianthium, containing both the receptacle and the flofcules, which is contraCted after the time of flowering; b1;1t, w~en the feeds are ripened, is ex-panded again and thrown back. It is either fimple, imbricated, or double: the fimple calyx is that which furrounds the flofcules only, with one feries of l~aves; the imbricated kind is that compofed of a great number of fqu amm~, the ~xterior ones of which are gradually fhorter, and in part cover the interior. .' The double kind, called alfo Calyx auetus, is that in which there is a fingle, long, apd equal feries of fegments, furrounding t~e flofcules; and a ~econd feries of feg.ments, or another cup lhorter; and furroundmg the bafe of the Inner taller cup: this outer calyx or feries of fegments is ufually very fmall. ' The compound or compofite flowers are of feveral fpecies. They are compofed, 1. Of tubular hermaphrodite flofcules in the difk, and the fame in the radiu s. 2. Of tubular hermaphrodite flofcules in the difk, and of tubular, female ones in the r-~dius. 3· Of tubtilar, hermaphrodite flofcules in the diik, and tubular, neutral in the radius. 4· Of tubular hermaphrodite ones in the dilk, and ligulated hermaphrodite ones in the radius. · 5. Of tubular hermaphrodite ones in the difk:, and female ligulated ones in the radius. 6. Of tubular hermaphrodite ones in the difk, and of neutral ligulated ones in the radius. 7· Of tubular hermaphrodite ones in the difk, and of naked female ones in the radius. 8. Of tubular male flowers in the difk, and of naked female ones in the radius. 9· Of ligulated h~rmaphrodite ones in the diik, and of the fame in the radius. • Accot·ding to thefe di{linttions, the clafs of the Polygamia may be divided into .five orders, under the names of, 1. Polygamia .!Equalis. 2. Polygamia Superflua, 3. Po- Iygamia Frufiranea. 4· Polygarnia Neceifaria. 5· Poly~amia Monogamia. . The eifential charaCter of the Flos flofculofus confi{ls m the coalefcence of the antherre into a cylindric body, and in the feed being fingle, and placed under the recep-. tacle. The common calyx· is wanting in fame of the genera, as in the Echinopus; and the common. receptacle is wanting in fome, as in the Milleria. Therefore thefe are not the parts on which to form a claffical charaCter. Clafi the Nineteenth. Order the Firjl. S Y N G E _N E S I A P 0-L Y G A M I A lE Q_ U A L I S. P /ants whofe antberre coalefce into a cylinder, and whofe flowers are com, pofed of a number of Jlofcules, each of which has it's }lamina and pijlil ., in iifelf. • t 1 This order contains what are called the Her bee Jlore j/rftulqfo ~ others. I N fome of the genera, the corollre are planipetalous; in others,. they are tubipeta. lous. As they are numerous in the whole, they may be convemently arranged thus into two divifions. Clafs the Nineteenth. Order tbe Firfl. Divijion the Firjl. Syngenejia Polygamia ./Equalis, with the corollulce planipetalous. \ I , . T R A G 0 P 0 G 0 · N .. .. T-HE receptacle is naked: the. calyx is iimpleJ and formed of many leaves; the down is plumofe • tJ'ragopogon |