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Show I I The Hijlory of P L A N T S. 2. Cyatbia campanulata hirfuta elati~r. The taller, hairy, campanulated Cyatlua. ,.fl · · fi Jar r.pec1·es It's root is compoled of two or three fibres, which 11s ts a very mgu 11 • h h ·r. h d. · t are eac tvanca ed m· to 1rc. everal parts ,. from the J. oming of• t hef•e at t e top, t ere arues a tu b ere 1e o f an I· r reba ularly oval figure , on the top of• whtch ts fixed th1e c·u p fo r db enll · this is narrowefi at the bottom, and gradually grows wtd~r to the top.. t IS o a uu~y blackifh colour, and hairy on the outfide ; and ~t's top Ihs c~vcrcd 1 wtth. a mfet 1 11 br1~nc : this fplits and difappears, aft~r a ~ittle tim_e, and dtfcovcrs t e mterna. cavity o t 1e • un: gus, which is fmooth, .longttudmally finat.ed, and of a duiky blUI{h, ~r lead-colour. a gteat part of this cavJty toward the top ts ~mpty, but at the ba~e there a1e lodg_ed a number of roundifh fruits, fmaller than thole of the formc.r f}1ecies, and each afhxed by it's pedicle. The firutl:ure of thefe within i the fame wnh tha~ oft~1e forme r, bL~t, as they are lodged deep, the cup, after they are thoroughly mat~ue, CI~ck~ and fplits all the way down in three or four places to let them out. . Thts f~ectes IS _fre<Jncnt about old wood in Leicefiedhire, and has been often met wtth alfo m the neighbour-hood of London. Dillenius calls it, Peziza calyciformis lentifera hirfuta; and Ray, Fungus fem inifcr externe hirfutus, interne !l:riatus. Bocconc has it alfo under the name ofFungus fpcrm a-ti:: ts calyculatus. There arc befide thefe, three other fpccies of this genus, which will eafily be di-fiingui( beJ by their names : they at c, I. The iliort Cyathia, with. a broad baft.:. 2 . The hemifpheric Cy~thia, with un~ulated edges, and la1~ge bl~ck frm:; a~d 3· T.hc hemifpheric ~yathia, with a fmall bate .. Thef? all agree m thc1r fruc.bficatlOns wnh the other fpeetes. Mr. Doody obferves, 111 Rays Synopfis of the Engldh plants, that Goed.1rt affirms, that the feeds, as they are called, of thefe Fungi,. when they f~1ll to the ground, hatch in ~ ~ew days into fpiders :. but_ he prudcntl_y a?ds,. that he fhould defer giving his own opu:wn, as to. the truth. ~fIt, ttll he had t~·1ed It h~mfelf. ~he tru_th is, that, bdide the frutts found m the cavtttes of thefe plants, there IS a pecultar fpc Cics of fpider that fi·equently lays it's eggs there. FUN G I Clajs the T'hird Gemts tbe Seventh. EN C lELIA. """" N C lELIA is a genus of Fungus, hollow, and containing in it's cavity fcparate LJ and naked ft:eds. The fteds arc extreamly minute, and the mouth or aperture of the Fungus not covered by any membrane, fo that, when mature, they are by the leafi m_or!on difplaced, and thrown upwards in form of powder. Thcfe plants produce difimCl: male and female flower~. '!'he male flowers are antherx, fianding flllgly on very fhort filaments, and appeanng 111 form of a fine du(l on the furface of the hol~ow _of the Fung~s. The female flowers we fee nothing of: except the feeds, wluch lte naked ~nd {;~ttered over the fu:face of the fame hollow of the plant, but in feparate parts of It. I hcfe feeds arc of au oval fignrc, and the anther<e are oblong, and much fmallcr; both may often be diilingui01ed together by a good microfcope in the hollow. Though all the Enc~li<e are hollow, they ~re very varioui1y fo; fome are very deeply hollowed, io as to re(emb!e a cone fet 01_1 It's bafe; fome are fo lightly hollowed, as to r_efl."!mble onl~ a fcLUcer: iome have pedicles, and others are fdl1le; anrl, of thofe wh1ch have: pedicle~, fome h~ve them very D10rt, others very long and fknder : fome of them are tina~ly w1de_ ope~1 at the mouth, and others corrugated, and wider in tome o her part. I• rom this vanous form of the hollow of the EnGdire, fome of them refemble ~egme~ts of f~heres, fome of ov~ls, and fame of cones ; whil(l others feem only ft:t bodies, wtth their edges turned a little up. Dillenius h~s confounded this genus with the lafl~ un~er the common name Peziza, and Linnc.Bus has followed him in this; but. the fru0tficauons ar~ f~ extreamly difFerent, that nothing can be more cvid(nt, than thetr belongmg to two d1fimc:t genera. 1. Enccelia The Hijlory of P L A N T S. 57 1. Encrelia Jejjilis, exttts pilofa, lxemifphcerica. The hemijpheric Jejjile Enccelia, hairy on the outjicle. This is a very beautiful Fungus; it adhc1 cs by it's bafe to the fob(bn:es ·t grows on, without the leafi appearance of a pedicle. Tt is of the 11zc of tl~e ~alt of a Lngc nutmeg, but more rounded, and ind~ed ufually appears ~o be the halt ot a t~lnably regular Jphcre. It is compofed_ of a_ thm, _but tough _ancl ~~;e _m~mbranc, ~md _1s perf ly even at the furface. I('s outiHk ts n.:ddlih and ha1ry, tt ~ m!Jclc or cavtty fmooth 'nd of a fine fca rlet colour; when it becomes fully mature, however, it appears f(Hncwhat lefs fmooth on the fi.Irfi1ce than it w,1s bef<>rc, and, on the lea fl llll)tioll ~ivcn it, a fine du L is fecn to a rife in a column from it, which i · the ripe feed di!1odg;cd and di{:. charged by the (h,lking. Examined by the micro!Copc, the whole furfitcc.:: ,tt this tim appears covered with particle~, fome oblong, fame oval ;_ the obion~ ones arc the anther< e, they fiancl about the verge or on the upper part of the cup; the ov.d one., are the kcds, and lie mofily nearer the bottom; the anthcr~-c ate c~uncclcc_l by a !hort filament to the body of the Fungus ; the feeds fccm l~)o(e~ but, tf c_xam11:ed t?y .a vc~y powerful magnifier, each is found to have it's p~.:cu!t.1r lmle cdl, Ill whtch .~~ be _llll thus forcibly difCharged ; a motion of the Fungus is always n_ecciliny to. the dtl.ch.trl!,lllg of thcfe leeds; bllt when they arc thoroughly mature, and itt for tl:c u.nu1~dt~ttc_ l? ·opagation of the plant, the mo ion given it by the ltghtdl b!·ea h of w111d IS iulhctcnt for the purpofe. This beautiful fJ ccics is very_ comm~n 111 ou~ woods? a1!d undcr hedges in m.my parts of England. On Iver-hcat~ lll Bnckmghamfhtrc, <:n<lm Cludtonforelt Sufiex I have m t with a great deal of It. It grows on old fitck , and tometimes' 011 the' ground. Micheli calls it, I• ungoidcs fcutellatum coc.cineum, intus gla.- brum, fori ubivis pilofi1m. 2. Enctt'lia lata Je./Jilis marginibtts cirratis. T'he broad Encmlia, with cirraJcd er{~·es. This is an e.·trcamly beautiful Fungus. It adheres to the fl_tbfbnces it ,g_rows o.n immediately by the b.1fc, without the leaft appear.111cc. of a pedtclc: from ~111 b fc 1t expands itklf every way, in a ~o~ndilh but fomcwl_1at m:egu~ar form, and ltg,h ly hollowed. ¥/ben fnlly grown, tt IS ::tbout half_ an tnch 111 dtameter at the top, and abont a third of an inch in dcp' h. It coni1fis mc1 ely of a fln , tou: h 1lH.:mh1 anc, of the thicknefs of a modcrntc parchment. . It is all ov:::r of a brig t and llr ng J arlet colour, and always fomewhat fironger coloured in the_ hollo.w, tha!l _on tl.c out r fmface : on this outer part there arc pLtccd a few, (horr, fmc hairs or Irfl, but round the brim there fiand a beautiful row of fiiff and black ones, very flw1 t, tnodcr.tt ly thick, and of a glofiy furfitcc, the.rc adc: gr~·lll~ to the ~c·:uty or the pLu:t, an 1 ITmain ereCt on it's edge, as long as It retam_s lt's. form. Its lllll.de ap1 c,u s c~l _a I moo h furfacc at all times, except wben the fru3.ll1cauon~ arc there; Ill tht l'.\(c ll tS covcrc ll with a kind of fine powder, which iomcwhat debafes it's high fcar~et colour. h. amined with a mic1 okopc, this powder is found .to be compofed o{ thc an:her~ and feeds; the anthe1;c oblong, and placed near the brun; the feeds ov.tl, and lym~ 11~ the hollow toward the bottom ; at this time a little !hake throws ~hem all ou~ m form of a fine duft. This be,lll 1iful i}1ecies is found in many p~trts of_ bn~l.tn<l; It. uf~1ally grows on old fiicks, and decayed trees in_ woods. I hav~ iuu!1d 1t abundantly m 1om~ woods ncar Dt.nham in Bud;:inghamnmc. Ray calls 1t, hmgus arboreus ; cct.tbult modo, cavus, coccinen s, marginibus pilofis ; anJ Dtlknius, Pcziza acctabulif{mnis cocci-nca, marginibus ptlofis. 3. Enccelia finuoja fe./Ji!is. The jinuous Encc::lia, without a pedicle. This is a much lefs rcgul..tr plant, in it's manner ~f gt:owth, than cithct ~f the pr~ceding .ones. It ari{cs from a broad b·1fe, by wh1ch 1t adheres to the fuh/Lmcc It grows on, without any pedicle; from this It (Xpands Itfdf lVliY way, Jo a~ at kngth to form a varioui1y f1nuous and undulated ~ubHancc, . f<Jmewhat hollowed, and of an oblong, or irrcgnlarly roun~ifh figure.. I~ IS compole~ of a f,nglc tough mcmbr~ne, and is often an inch and halt, or more, m dw etcr. 1l s edges are not even, but hJgh- Q_ cr |