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Show The Hi}Jory of P L A N T S. Ier green colour. The fralk is four inches high, round, thick, ~nd firm; at it's top ftana a number of flowers, ten, or more, each on a ped1cle of half an inch long; they are ufually of a beautiful pale red, fometimes of a deep red, and fometimes white. · fl · This is a native of the North of England. Linna!us calls it, Pnmula onbus eredis faftigiatis. Clufius, Primula veris flore rubro. C. Bauhine, Verbafculum umbellatum Alpinum minus. 3· Primula foliis Jerratis carnojis glabris. The Jerrated, thick-leaved Primu/a. Jrbe: ~uttctthl,· o~ lRtclof~. The root confifts of a thick, fquammofe head, from which grow a multitude of white, long, and thick fibres : the radical leaves are oblong and bro~d, th ree inches in length, two in breadth, ferrated round the edges, and obtufel~ pomted, of a pale bluifh-green colour, and ufually dufty or farinaceous. The ftalk IS round, moderately thick, iimple, naked, and four or five inches high; at it's top fiand ten, or more, flowers, on long pedicles, forming a kind of umbel; they are larger than the flo wers of the common cowflip, and of a paler yellow, and their calyx is fh~rt~r. This is the native wild fiate of the plant, from whofe natural vanet1es, affifi:ed by culture, all our beautiful auriculas in the gardens are produced. Thefe natural varieties are only four: 1. The fmooth, green-leaved kind, with the fegments of the flower bifid, the limb ereCl: and purple, and the mouth of the flower yellow. 2. The farinaceous-leaved kind, with the fegments of the corolla emarginated, the limb plane and red, the mouth yellow. 3· The farinaceous-leaved kind, with the fegments of the corolla undivided, the limb ereCl: and red, the mouth whitifh; and, 4· The farinaceous-leaved kind, with the fegments of the corolla bent back, the limb of a blackifh purple, the opening yellow in the middle, and white at the edges. From the feeds of thefe feveral varieties colleCl:ed from plants, which have fiood among others, and whofe feeds have accidentally been impregnated by the farina of the neighbouring plants, arife all thofe beautiful variations of flowers, which are the pride of the Bcitifh and Dutch florifls, and of tho{e of many other parts of the world. Tournefort ·mentions fixteen of thefe varieties, as really difiinCl: fpecies ; Clufius five, and C. Bauhine fix. The principal other fpecies of the Primula are, 1 . of the cowfiip and primrofe kind : I. The hoary-leaved Primula. 2. The foliofe-fialked Primula. 3. T he common Frimrofe. 4· The oriental Primula, of which there are a number of varieties. 2 . Of the auricula kind, or fuch as are ranked with the auriculre by authors, though not properly fuch, are, 1. Th'e round-leaved Primula. z. T he narrow-leaved Ptimula. 3· The whole-leaved Primula. 4· The little, broad-leaved Primula. C 0 R T US A. T J:I E calyx of the Cortufa is a fmall, patent perianthium, permanent, and divided mt~ five obtufe fegmet~ts, with reflex tops. The corolla confifis of a fin gle petal, and IS o.f .the ~otated k1nd : ~he tube is fcarce difcernible ; the limb is large, plane, and dtvt.ded mto five roundtfh fegments, and at the bafe of each of thefe is a. round, promment tubercle. The fiamina are five iliort, obtufe filaments; the an- . t?erre are compoFed of two lamellre ; they are oblong, ereCl:, and affixed to the extenor part. of the filal?ents .= the germen is oval; the ftyle is fili form, and fcarce equal to th~ ftamma: the fiigma.--Is ~mple; the fruit is a capfule of an ovate-oblong figure, acu~ mated, furrowed lo.n~ttudmally on each fide, formed of two valves, with their fides mvoluted, and contammg only one cell. The feeds are numerous, oblong, obtuie, and fmall. 1. Cortufa Joliis laciniatis. Jagged-leaved Cortufa. mcar' ~ <!r«r ~ant de. T?e root confifts of a .lhort and thick tuberous head, from which there grow a ~u.lutud~ of fibres, long, moderately thick, and black. The radical leaves are deeply d1v1ded mto the fegments, of a e green colour, {hining on the upper furface, not ·- - 1 underneath, ne Hifiory of P L A N T S. underneath, but no where at all dufiy; and of an acrid tafi:e. The fialk is round £lender, and about three inches high, naked1 ~nd ufually. of a pu.t·pliili colour ; at tl~e top .fiand ten or twelve flowers on long ~ed1cles, formmg a kmd of umbel; they are large, of a rotated form, and pendent, hke fo many bells; their colour is a deep bloodred, the mouth yellow. This is found on the mountains, in the northern parts of Europe. J. Bauhine calls it) Cortufa. C. Bauhine, Sanicula montana latifolia laciniata. CYCLAMEN. T HE calyx of the Cyclamen is ·a round, permanent perianthum, divided into five oval fegments: the corolla confill:s of a fingle petal, of a rotated form; the tube very fhort, the mouth prominent : the figure of the tube is globofe; the fize twice t~a~ of ~he cup, yet fmall and nutant. The limb is large, and turns upward, and is d1v1ded mto five ovato-lanceolate fegments : the neck prominent. The ll:amina are five very fmall filaments, in the tube of the corolla : the anthera! are firait acute and in th~ neck, the. germ~n is roundifh ; the fiyle is filiform, firait, and longer tha~ th~ 1lamma; the iligr;n~ IS acute; the fruit is a globofe berry, opening in five places at the top, and contammg only one cell: the feeds are numerous of a fub-oval angular figure : the receptacle is oval and fi·ee. ' ' 1. Cyclamen foliis cordatis corolla reflex a. :ltutuntnal The cordated-leaved Cyclamen, with reflex flowers. ~Olbb~tab. The root is large, tuberous, and of a roundifh figure fu rnifhed with a few fibres · the ra?ical .Ieav~s fiand on ped.icles of three inches long/ they are about three quarter~ of ~n mch 111 diameter, roundifh, but cm·dated, of a dark green, ufually fpotted with white on the upper fide, and purple underneath: the flowers fiand fingly on long pedicles ; they are large, red, and of a fweet fmell. ' It is a native o.f fame of ~he north~rn parts of Europe~ and grows in damp, fhady places; we have It frequent m our gardens. Clufius calls 1t, Cyclamen odorato purpureo fl~re. C. Bauhine, Cyclamen orbiculate folio fubtus purpurafcente. · 2. Cyclamen foliis angulojis corolla rif/exa. The angular-leaved Cyclamen, with reflex flowers. The root is very large, roundifh, and depreffed, black on the furface, white within and ha~ a few fibres. The radical leaves ftand on pedicles of four inches long; they are an mch long, and near as much in breadth, finuated in fuch manner, as to refemble. the leaves of ivy, and ferrated round the edges; of a deep green, fpotted with white on. the upper furfac~, and purplifh underneath. The flowers are large, of a deep purple, hke that of the vwlet, and, bend downward; they are affixed fingly to long, fiender, naked fialks. This is ~ n.ative of Italy, but i~ frequent in our gardens. The vaneties of thefe two fpectes of Cyclamen, owing to culture, are almofr innumerable~ Tonrnefort has mentioned more than thirty of them under the titles of different)fpecies. ' S 0 L D A N E L L A. T I-IE calyx of the Soldanella is a permanent perianthium, divided .lnto five lan-ceolated f~gments. The corolla confi~s of a fingle petal ; it is of a campanu· lated form, and Jagged at the edge : the fiamma are five fubulated filaments; the an-t therre are fimple; the germen ~s ro~ndifh; the fiyle is filiform, of the length of the corolla, ~nd perm~nent : the fi1gma IS .obtufe. The fruit is an oblong, cylindric capful~, obliquely finated, containing only one cell, and opening in ten places at the pomt: the feeds are numerous, acuminated, and fmall, the receptacle columnar and free. 1 . Soldanella |
