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Show 172 The Hiflory of .P L A N T S. This fpecies is extreamly common with us in meadows, and by ditch-fides. Tour .. nefort calls it, ~ycopus palufiris glaber. Rivinus, Pfeudomarrubium vulgare palufire; and C. Bauhine, Marrubium palufire glabrum. This herb was once ufed fqr dying black; linnep and cloaths were dyed by means of it. 2. Lycopus Joliis laciniatis hiifutis. The hairy, laciniated-leaved Lycopus. The root of this fpecies is compofed of feveral long and jointed flagellre, which creep upon, or jufi under, the furface of the ground. The fialks are fquare, and more hairy than thofe of the former; they grow to about eighteen inches high. The leaves ftand in pairs at the difiance of an inch, or more; they have no pedicles, but are affixed immediately to the .fi:alk. They are about an inch and half long, and three quarters of an inch in diameter : they are hairy, and of a pale green colour, and are laciniated or divided into fegments, down to the middle rib. The fegments are fharppointed, and crenated at t·he edges. The flowers are fmall and white; they fiand in clufiers round the fialk, at the bafe of the leaves. This fpecies is not a native of England, but it is common in many parts of France. C. Bauhine calls it, Marrubium palufire, hirfutum, tenuius laciniatllm; and T ournefort, Lycopus foliis in tenues lacinias diffeCtis. The other fpecies of the Lycopus are, I. The hairy Lycopus, with undivided leaves. 2. The fmooth, Canada, laciniated Lycopus, Z I ZIP H 0 R A. T H ~ calyx of the Ziziphora is a very long, cylindric, and tubular pcrianthium; it ts compofed of one leaf, and is hairy, .fi:riated, and divided at the end into five very fmall fegme?ts, ~nd ~s bearded. The corolla is ringent, and compofed of a fingle petal; the .tu~e IS cylmdnc, and of ~he length of t)le cup; the limb is very fmooth; the upper l1p. Js .o~ated~ erect, emargmated, and obtufe : the lower lip is broad and patent, and IS dtvJded mto three rounded, equal fegments. The fi amina are two fim .. ple patent filaments, of the length of the corolla ; the fiigma is acuminated and inflex. !here is no fruit, but the cup contain~ four feeds, which are oblong and obtufe, g1bbous on one fide, and angular on the other. I. Ziziphora foliis lanceolatis, flori!Jus laterali!Jus. The Ziziphora, with lanceolated leaves, and lateral flowers. The root of. th~s fpecies is compefed of a number of moderately thick, ·white fibres ~ froi? . thts n:e three. or fo.ur finlks. rr:he plant grows to fix, eight, or ten inches In he1gllt. Its fialk IS ng1d and .firm, It's leaves of two different fhapes. thofe ~ear the root, and on the lower part of the plant, are lhort, obtufe, and of a 'rounddb. fi&ure; the others are narrow and oblong narrowefi: at the bafe broadeft in the m1ddle, and terminate in a point : they ~re fmooth and even at the ~dges , and of a dufky green colour. The flowers !land m the alre of the leaves in little clufiers · they are fmall, and of a pale red. ' ' This fpecies i~ a ~a~ive of Syria, but it fucceeds very well in our gardens, where it bears the open a1r ; It IS an annual, but rifes very eafily from feed. DIANTHE R A. THE calyx of the Dianthera is a perianthium, divided into five parts T he feg-ment~ are equal, -and of a lineari-lanceolated figure, and equal i~ iize; the whole cup IS of the le~gth of the .corolla, and is permanent. The corolla is com ofed 0~ \fin1~le bpetal, and IS of. t~e rmgent kind. The tube is patulous, and of the l~ngth 0 bt e un d. T~e upper hp IS of an ovated figure; the lower lip is divided into three 0 f hng an 11 equa fegments. The fiamina are two filaments_, affixed to the back cu t e coro a, and of the length of the upper lip ; the antherre are double on each fi-lament; The Hiflory of P L A N T S. 173 lament, they are of a kidney-.li~e .!hape, and one of them is fomewhat higher than the other. The germen of the p1fiil1s of an oval figure; the fiyle is of the length of the fiamina : the fiamen is flender and bifid, and it's lower fegment is bent backward. This genus differs from fage in it's cup, being divided into five parts ; from all the other genera of this clafs, by the double antherre. Of this genus there is only one known fpecies. DIANTHE R A. The root is compofed of a great number of thick .fibres: the fialk is tend~, of a dufky green, and erect. The leaves fiand in pairs, and are of a lanceolated figure; they are fmooth, even at the edges, and of a deep green, and have no pedicles. The flowers fiand on peduncles arifing out of the alre of the leaves; they are difpofed in a kind of fpike, and do not grow two at a joint, but alternately. It is a native of Virginia ; it was firil: difcovered by Mr Clayton, and is defcribed by Gronovius, in his Flora Virginica. SALVIA. T HE calyx of the Salvia is a tubulated, fi:riated perianthium, compofed of one leaf, compreffed, gradually widening toward it's top, and at the verge ereCt and bilabiated ; the upper lip is terminated by three points, the under one by two. The corolla confifis of a fingle petal; the tube toward the upper part is large and compreffed, the limb is ringent; the upper lip is hollow, compreffed, crooked, and emarginated; the lower lip is broad, and divided into three fegments, of which the middle one is large, roundilh, and emarginated. The ftamina are two .filaments bifid from the middle, their branches feparated by an obtufe finus; one of the branches of each filament is longer than the other, and is hid under the upper lip of the flower, and on this branch fiands the anthera; on the other branch only an obtufe head. The germen of the pifiil is quadrifid ; the fiyle is long and capillary, and fituated as the fiamina. The fiigma is bifid; there is no fruit : the feeds are lodged in the cup, which clofes a little at the top, to keep them in; they are four in number after every flower. This genus comprehends the Salvia, the Horminum, and the Sclarea of Tournefort, and other authors. The fingular bifurcation of the fi:amina confiitutes the effen tial charaCter of it. There are found in many of the fpecies the rudiments of two fieril fiamina, in the mouth of the corolla, under the upper lip. The obtufe head, which terminates the lhorter branch of the filaments, in fome is callous, and refembles a glandule; in others it has the appearance of the rudiment of an anthera, and has fome farina. 1. Salvia Joliis lanceo/ato-ovatis, integris, crenulatis, floribus Jpicatis, calyci!Jus acutis. The lanceolato-ovate-leaved Sage, with /piked flowers, and acute cups. The root of this fpecies is hard, oblong, and woody, variouOy branched, and of a brown colour ; from this rife feveral fialks, woody, hard, branched, and varioufiy contorted and bent : the younger branches are fquare, hairy, and of a greenifh or reddilh colour. There arife a great number of leaves immediately from the root, and others fiand on the fialks in pairs, oppofite to one another: they fiand on long pedicles, and are very rugofe, and a ltttle hairy. They are of an oblong figure, obtufely pointed at the end, and cre.nated round the edges, and are fometimes of a pale green, but more ufually of a redd1fh colour. The flowe.rs fiand in a kind ~f fpikes at the tops of the il:alks; they are large, and of a beautiful blue colour, wuh more or lefs reddifhnefs in it. This fpccies is a native of Italy, and of fome parts of France. It is cultivated in almofl: all our gardens, and is perennial and fuffi.ciently hardy. 2. Salvia Joliis rugojis o!Jlongo-cordatis,jloralibus ca!Jce longioribus. The rugofe and o!Jlong cor dated-leaved Sage, with the floral <!tla.tp. leaves longer than the calyx. The root of this fpecies is oblong, fingle, woody, of a brown colour, and covered Y y with |
