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Show The Hiflory of p L A N T S. 2• Sanicula joliis feptilobatis inequalibus, jlofculis mcifc~lis pedunculatis. The Sanicle with unequal feptilobate leaves, and wtth the male flowers ' placed on pedicles. Th e root ·IS bl ac k , lhort , and furni{hed with a m. ultitude of fibres· : bth e dra dhi cal f leavfei s 1 d 1 fhining pedicles · they are an mch, or more, m rea t , o a • are p ace on h .ongg, in . general to ro~ndnefs but divided into feven lobes, by fo many gdure ;pprot.ac 111 a~d thefe lobes ferrated at 'the edges. The fialk is round, of a pur .. eep nnua wns, . d h fc • • l·a b . 1d glo!Vy. it divides toward the top mto two parts, an t. e e agam Into ptw 1o 1 otrhoewrs n :, tahle leaves f' fand two together ; ar t he d1 •v 1. fit ons o f t he fnl. a lks I 1' k t 1ey are 1 e the radical ones, but divided only into three lobes: the umbels are fmall, and confift partly of hermaphrodite fl.owers, partly of fuch as are only male; the former are fef .. file, the others have pedicles. • . . .. It is a native of Virginia. Ray calls it, Sanicula caule et ram1s dtchotomts echm1f! minimis it:t eadem pediculo; Grovonius and Van Royen, Sanicula flofculis mafculis pe dunculatis hermaphroditis feffilibus. ASTRA NT I A. T HE general umbel is cotnpofed of a very few tay.s, ufually o~ly of th(ee 3 the partial umbel of very nu~erous ones: the general mvolu~rum IS formed of leaves duplicate to the rays; the parual one of about twenty leaves, of a lan.ceola_red fi~ur~, patent, equal, coloured, and longer than the umbels : the prop~r penanthmm. ts d! .. vided into five fegments, acute, ereCt, and ~:ermanent : the um~erfal corolla lS umform; the lingle flower is compofed of five btfid petals: the fiamma are five _fimple fi .. laments, of the length of the flofcule; the a~therre are fimple: the germen l·S oblo.ng_; the· fl:yles are two, ereCt and uniform; the fi1gmata are fimple and patent: the frutt JS oval obtufe coronated and firiated; it is feparable into two parts~ the feeds are two, oval 'and obl~ng, and c~vered with the cruft of the perica:pium. The marginal .flowers of the umbel are only males; the refi are hermaphrodite. Of this genus there is only one known fpecies. As T R A N T I A. The root is .lhort and tuberous, and is furniilied with a multitude of large fibres) black on the outfide, and white within. The radical leaves are <;livid¢d ufually into five lobes which are oblong, broad, pointed at the ends, and ferrated tound the edges, of a da;k green on the upper fide, paler underneath, and placed on long pedicles: the ilalk is tound, .fl:riated, and two feet high ; the leaves on it fl:ar1d fingly, and are like the radical ones; the flowers fiand in roundifrr clufl:ers at the tops of the fl:alks, and are fmall, and of a greenifh white : the furrounding leaves of the involucrum are ofcen variegated with whitilh, greeniili, and purplilh. It is a native of Italy and Germany; we have it in gardens. Lobel calls it, Af .. trantia nigra; C. Bauhine, Helleborus niget faniculre folio major. Morifon has de .. fcribed a fmaller kind, under the name of Afl:rantia minor ; and C. Bauhine, undel" that of Helleborus faniculre folio minor; but, brought into a garden, it grows to the fame fize, and is wholly the fame with the common one. Tournefort has alfo made another fpecies, from a whiter colour of the flowers. The root is faid to be aperient, and good in diforders of the vifcera; but it is not in ufe at this time. B UP LEUR U M. THE general umbel is com poled of radii, under ten in number; the partial um• bel is ereCto-patent : there is no general involucrum. The partial involucrum is compofed of five leaves, much longer than the umbel itfelf; they are of an oval ~gure, acute and patent : the proper perianthium is fcarce vifible; the general corolla lS uniform; the fingle flower confifl:s of five inflexo-cordated, fmall petals : the fiamina are five fimple filaments; the antherre are roundilh : the germen is placed below the proper receptacle : the fiyles are two, reflex and fmall ; the fiigmata are very little : the 1.be Hij}ory of P t A N T s. the fruit is roundiih, compreffedj firiated, ahd divided into two parts : the feeds are two, of an oval oblong. figure, convex and firiated on one fide, and plane on the other. · The leaves of the plant fometimes fiand at the bafe of the general utnbel, in fuch a manner, that it will be eafy for an incurious obferver to take them for a general involucrum. 1. Bupleurunz foliis ovatis amplexicaulibus, umbel/is majufculis. The oval-leaved, per foliate Bupleurunt, w-ith moderately large umbels. Jtbo:ougb ~ run~. The root is oblong, flender, whitilh, and woody, the fialk rifes fingle, nhd is round, fmooth, hollow, and two feet, or more, in height: the leaves ftand fingly, at confiderable diO:ances; they are of an oval figure, very fmooth and gloffy, of a bluiili-green colour, and furround the fialk in fuch a manner, that it feems to perforate or grow through the middle of their bafe • toward the top the ilalk divides into feveral ramifications, and at the tops of thefe, and of the b ranches propagated from them, ftand moderately large umbels, an inch and a half in diameter at the top. The flowers are yellowHh and fmall, the feeds large and blacki(h. · The plant is common in the weft of England, in corn-fields. C. Bauhine calls it, Perfoliata arvenfis. 2. Bupleurum foliis angujfijjimis, u'mbellis minimis. The Bupleurum, with very narrow leaves, and very )mall umbels. The root is oblong, flender, and woody; the radical leaves are fix inches long, not more than a fixth of an inch broad, and very much refemble thofe of the graffes: the ftalk is round, green, branched, fmooth, jointed, and grows to a foot and a half high; the leaves fl:and two together, at the divifions of the ftalks, and are two or three inches long, very narrow, and graffy, and of a firong green : toward the top . the ftalk divides into feveral branches, and thefe, at their tops, have very fmall umbel , f,arce difiinguifhable as fuch : the flowers are yellowilb, and very minute. It is a native of England; I have found it about Thorndon in E.IIex in abundance. Ray calls it, Bupleurum minimum; C. Bauhine, Bupleurum angufiiffimo folio; J. Bauhine, Auricula leporis minima. The other fpecies to be mentioned are, I. The broad, rigid-leaved Bupleurum ... 2. The narrow-leaved, fmall, thick-fialked Bup1eurum. 3· The long-leaved, perfoliate Bupleurum. 4· The [mall-flowered, Alpine Bupleurum. 5· The gra.IIy-leaved, Pyrenrean Bupleurum. 6. The willow-leaved and ihrubby Bupleurum. 7· The gra.IIyleaved, ihrubby Bupleurum. 8. The long-feeded, oriental Bupleurum, with narrow leaves. ECHINOPHORA. T HE general umbel is multiple and unequal; the partial one is alfo multiple and unequal: the general involucrum is of a turbinated figure; it is formed of a fingle leaf, and ferves as a vagina for the feeds. This is the effential character of the genus, and is fo firiking and obvious a one, that no farther defcription is neceffary: the charaCters in general, excepting for this peculiar circum fiance of the general involucrum, agree with thofe of the tordylium. T 0 R D Y L I U M. T HE general umbel is unequal and multiple : the partial umbel is alfo unequal, multiple, very lhort, and plane: the general involucrum is compofed of narrow leaves, often of the length of the umbel : the partial involucrum is dimidiated, and is longer than the umbellule: the general corolla is difform and radiated : the lingle flowers of the difk are compofed of five equal, inflexo-cordated petals : the fingle flowers of the radius are like thefe, but that the outer petal is larger than the reft., and is divided into. |