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Show 1De Hiflory of P L A N rr S. cies; Preonia fremina, Preonia multiplex, &c. Tournefort enumerates near twenty of them. · } ' 11 d f I A h' I C It is a native of fome parts of Europe, and of ~ 1e Iuan. $ 9 t_1e rc 1pe ago. Bauhine and others call it, P~onia mas. It's .root IS an ant1cp1lepttc.' < C A L L I G 0 N U M. T HE calyx is a permanent perianthiut~, compofed of five roundHh and hollowed leaves: there is no corolla: the ftamma are numerous, very fmal~ r~laments: the anth,erm are oidymous; the germen is oval: there i~ no ftyl"! ~ut t?e fi~gmata ~re t~o, and obtufe: the fruit is an oval, ~ompreffed, finated, hatr.y penc;:arpn~m, wtth btfid tops, turning backwards : the feed ts fin~le. This genus comprehends the Polygon01des of Tournefort. Clafs the 'Ibirteenth. Order the Third. P 0 L Y A N D R I A T R I G Y N I A. P !ants which have numerous .Jiamina and three ..flyles in every flo wer. R E 8 ED A. T HE calyx is a perianthium, formed of a fingle leaf, and divided ,into feveral n~r .. row, erect, acute, permanent fegments; two of thefe are placed at a greater diftance than the refi, for the ufe of the melliferoqs petal: the corolla confifis of certain unequal petals, fome one of them always femitrifid ; the upper one gibbons at the bafe, containi.(lg a honey-like juice, and of the length of the c~lyx: the neetadum is a plane, erect gland, produced from the receptacle, placed 'on it'~ upper fide, between the {lamina and the upper petal, and connivent with the bafe of the petal.s, more dilated from the fame fide : tbe fiamina are numerous, lhort fijament~ : ,.the anthera~ are erect, obtufe, and of the length of the corolla: the germen is gibbous, and terminates in fame very lhort fiyles: the fiigmata are fimple: the fruit is ·~ gibbou$, angulated capfule, acuminated with the fiyles, and open between them; it contains only one cell : the feeds are numerous, kidney-fhaped, and grow to the angles of the capfule. This genus comprehends the Refeda lut~ola and Sef~moides of Tournefort; but it varies fo extremely in it's fructification, that there is not in all botany a genus fo difficult to be characterifed or afcertained; the feveral fpecies have furprifing variations from one another, though evidently all of the fame ftlmily. The effential charaCters are the trifid petals, one of them melliferous at the bafe, and the open capfule. Refeda foliis omnibus tri.ftdis,, inferioribus pin11atis. The Rifeda, with all the leaves trifid, and the lower ones pinnated. The root is oblong and white. The fialks are numerous, Gender., and a .foot and a half high. The leaves are finely divided into narrow, trifid fegments. The flowers ~re fmall and yellow, and are placed in long fpikes, at the tops of the fialk and branches. It is a native of England, in dry places. C. Bauhine calls it, Refeda vulgaris; and, it's leaves being fometimes curled up, authors have made another fpecies from this variety, under the name of Refeda crifpa. The other fpecies are, I. The pinnated-leaved, great Rocket. 2. The whole- leaved Refeda, or Phyteuma. 3· The little, white Refeda, called Sefamoides Salamanticum FU:rvum. 4· The lin'lria-leaved Refeda. 5· The broad-leaved, yellow Refeda. 6. The wtllow-leaved Refeda, called Luteola, or dyers-weed, 7· The little, toad-flax leaved Refeda, or Luteola. 8. The purple-flowered Refeda. 9· The ftellated-fruited Refeda. D E L PH IN I U M. ':lbe Hiflory of . P L A N T S. D E L P H I N . I U M. T H E Delphinium has no calyx : the corol1a confill:s of five unequal petals, difpofed circularly; of thefe the upper one is anteriorly more obtufe than the others, and is emarginated, and extended behind into a tubulated horn, which is firait, long, and obtufe; the others are of an ovato-lanceolated figure, and patent, and are nearly equal: the nectarium is bifid, and is placed anteriorly among the petals on the opper part ; behind it is pretended outwards, and is inclofed in the tube of the corolla : the ftamina are numerous, very fm all, fubula:ted filaments, broadefi at their bafe, and io dinated toward the petal that has the fpur : the antherc:e are erect and fmall; the germina are fometimes three, fometimes there is but one, of an oval ,figur~; the fiyles are of the length of the fiamina; the fiigmata are fimple and reflex : the fruit confifis of one~ or of three, capfulcs, of an ovato-fubulated fi gure, firait, compofed of a fingle valve, and opening inwards : the feeds are numerous and angular. This genus comprehends the Delphinium of Tournefort, the Buccinum of Malphigi, and the Staphifagria; but the netlarium in the Staphifag ria is double. Delphiniu1n caule jimplici, neflariis monop~llis. The Delphinium, with a jimple flalk and one-leaved neE/aria. JLark'~::: fpur. The root is fibrous. The plant riles to two or three feet high. The ftalk is ilen .. der, but ftrong. The leaves are placed alternately, and very clofe ; they are of a deep green colour, divided into five fegments, and fmooth. The flowers are large, and naturally of a fine deep blue colour; but they vary from this into red and white. It is common in gardens. C. Bauhine calls it, Confolida hortenfis ftore .fimplici majore; Tournefort, Delphinium vulgare. Tournefort has enumerated not lefs than four-and-twenty varieties of this, as dillinct fpecies. The other really difiinct fpecies of Delphinium are, I. The tall, hoary Delphinium. 2. The aconite-leaved Delphinium, called Aconitum lycattonum. 3. The narrower-leaved Delphinium; this has alfo been divided into ten or a dozen fpecies by Tournefort. 4· The platanus-leaved Delphinium, called Staphifagria, or Stavefacre, the feeds of which are kept under that name in the lhops, and ufed to deftroy vermin in children's heads. A C 0 NIT U M. T HERE is no calyx : the corolla confills of five unequal petals, the oppofite ones equal; the upper petal is galeated and tubulated, jnverted, and has it's back upwards; it is obtufe, and it's top is turned back to the very bafe; it is acuminated, and the bafe is oppofite: the too lateral petals are broad, rounded, eretto-oppofite, and connivent; the two lower ones are oblong, and bend downwards: the nectana are t~o; they, are ftriated under the upper petal ; they are hollow, nutant, and have an oblique opening, and a crooked tail, and they are placed upon long, fubulated filaments, or peduncles : the framina are numerous, very fmall, fubulated filaments, broade£1: toward the bafe, and iodinated toward the upper petal : the anthera~ are erect and _fmall : the germina are in mofl: fpecies three, in fome five; they are oblong, and termmate m ~o many ftyles, of the length of the ftamina: the fiign:ata are reflex and fimple: the frutt is compofed of as many capfules as there were germm~; they are of an ovato-fubulated figure, ftrait, formed each of a fi.ngle valve, and open mwards: the feeds are numerous, angular, and rugofe. This genus comprehends the Aconitum, Napellus, and Anthera of Tournefort, Rivinus, &c. Aconitum |