OCR Text |
Show . 286 The Hijlory of P L A N T S. I. Hyofcyamus Joliis amplexicaulibus. Tbe Hyofcyamus, with leaves furrounding the jlalk. <t!OttUttOtl ~en bane. The root is a foot long, half an inch in diameter, whitif!1, hard, woody, and of very little fmell. The radical leaves are a foot long, and five mches broad, deeply finuated at the edges, pointed at the extremity, feffile, of a. bluilh-green colour, fomewhat hoary, and of an intolerably fretid fmell .. The fl:alk IS r.ou~d! hard, woody, half an inch in diameter, and grows to two feet htgh, or more; It dtvtdes toward the top into fuveral branches: the leaves are large, and, like thofe at the root, they fiand alternately: the flowers are half an inch in diameter, and more in length, of a du!ky browni{h colour, with a deep purple bafe, and a multitude of purple lines all over them, The cup is hairy, and the capfule large: the flowers are yery numerous, and fiand in long {eries, on the upper fides of the branches. This is common with us in uncultivated Places. C. Bauhine calls it, Hyofcyamus vulgaris niger; Fuchfius, Hyofcyamus flavus. 2. Hyofcyamus foliis ovatis integerri111is, calycibus inj/atis fubglobojis. Tbe oval-leaved Hyrfcyamus, wit/;J inj/ated, Jubglobous cups. The root is long, thick, and woody: the ft~l~ is round, and rifes to two feet high: the leaves are fmooth, of an oval fj.gure, undivided at the edges, and affixed to pedicles. The top of the fialk is divided into many branches, on which ftand the flowers ; they are moderately large, and cut into five fegments. When the fruit is ripe the calyx becomes very large and inflated, and perfectly reprefents that of the Alkekengi; but within it is a capfule, perfectly anfwering to the charaCters of the Henbane. It is a native of Sibeda, and has not been dc:fcribed by any body except Linnreus, who obferves, that it connects in a manner the two genera of Phyfalis and Hyofcyamus, and is not without his doubts, but the plant itfelf may be a kind of mungril between both ; but this bears no great face of probability. The other fpecies of Hyofcyamus are, r. The· common, white H enbane. 2. The lanceolated Hyofcyamus, with prickly cups. 3· The great, yellow, Cretic Hyofcya· mus. 4· The little, yellow Hyofcyamus. 5· The red Syrian Hyofcyamus. 6. The white, Egyptian Hyofcyamus. 7· The little, narrow-leaved, golden-flowered Hyof .. cyamus. 8. The Bete-leaved Hyofcyamus. N I C 0 T IAN A. THE calyx is a permanent perianthium, formefi of a fingle leaf, divided in to five . f~gm.ents, and of an oval fi.gure. The corolla confill:s of a fingle petal, of an 1~f~nd1b~hform fhape; the tube ts longer than the cup; the limb is patulous, lightly dJvided mto five fegments, and folded in five places. The ftamina are five fubulated iodinate~ .filaments, nearl.y of. the length of the corolla; the antherre are oblong: . th~ ger~en 1s oval, the ~yle 1s fihform,. a?d of the length of the corolla; the fiigma is c~p1tated and emargi?ated : ~he fru~t IS a capfule of a nearly oval figure ; there is a · lme on each fide of It, and 1t con tams two cells, and, opens at the top ·: the receptacles are of a half oval figure, punCl:ated and affixed to the feparating body : the feeds are numerous, k1dney-fhaped, and rugofe. I. Nicotiana foliis lanceolatis. Lanceolated-leaved Nicotiana. 1Cobacco. The. root confifts of a duller of long and thick white fibres, of a very acrid tafl:e; the rad1ca! leaves are a foot long, or more, and five or fix inches broad : the ftalk is round, t~1ck, and fucculent ; it grows to five or fix feet high and is hairy and full of ~ white pith : the .leaves ftand alternately on the ftalks ; th;y are very Ia;ge often ~en mc?es, or more, m length, hairy, without pedicles, and are thick and ter~1inate 111 a P01 ~t. Their breadth is four inches, or more ; they are of a yellowifh-green colour, ~nd g~tmous to the touch; the top of the fialk is ufually divided into three or four ranc es; the flowers are large, and very long, and of a beautiful pale red. This 'TI.Je Hijlory of P L A N T S . This is a native of I:?any parts of America, and is cu.ltivated in many others, for the advantage of the dned tobacco and fnuff made from lt. C. Bauhine calls it, Nicotiana major latifolia; others, Tabaco latifolia, and Hyofcyamus Peruvianus; Re-nealm Blennochoes. · 2. Nicotiana foliis ovatis. Tbe oval-leaved Nicotiana. I cenglttl) '3tobacco. The root is oblong, and ufually fingle, of the thicknefs of a man's finger, and fix or ejght inches long : the radical leaves are numerous; they are fix inches long, about three and a half broad, and obtufe at the extremity: the fialk js. round, thick, arid ~airy ; it grows to two feet high, and toward the top divides into three or four branches : the leaves fiand alternately, at confiderable difiances; they are four inches long, two and a half broad, of an oval figure, affixed to fhort pedicles, undivided at the edges, and obtufe at the ends; of a fattilh appearance, and du!ky green colour: the flowers ftand feveral together ; at the top of the branches they are affixed to fhort pedicles, and are of a yellowilh-green colour, and much fmaller than the flo wers of the other. This is a native of America ; we call it Englilh T obacco, from it's being the firft fpecies known in our gardens. C. Bauhine calls it, Nicotiana minor; J. Baubine, Priapeia, quibufdam Renealmi pachyphylla. The other fpecies of Nicotiana are, I. The great, narrow-leaved Nicotiana. ~ - The dwarf Nicotiana. 3· The great, roundilh-leaved Nicotiana. 4· The prickly, arbo· refcent, white-flowered Nicotiana. AT R 0 P A. T H E calyx is a gibbous permanent perianthium, formed of a fingle leaf, div,ided into five fegments; of an ovato-acute figure : · the corolla confifts of a fingle, infundibuliform petal: the tube is very lhort; the limb is ventricofe., of an oval figure, and longer than the cup: the mouth is fmall, and divided into five equal and expanded fegments: the fiamina are five fubulated .filaments, proceeding from the bafe of the petal; they are of the length of the corolla, connivent at the bafe, and bent outwardly upwards ; the antherre are thick and affurgent. The germen is femi-ov~l ; the ftyle is filiform, of the length of the .fiamina, and iodinated: the fiigma is capitated, affurgen t, and tranfver(ely oblong. The fruit is a globofe berry, placed on a large cup, and containing two cells : the receptacle is convex on each fide, and kidney-lhaped. The feeds are numerous, and kidney-lhaped alfo. This genus comprehends the Beliadonna of Tournefort. There is only one known fpecies of it. AT R 0 p A. ~ The root is compofed of a number of oblong, tuberous bodies, of a brown colour, fucculent, and of a very difagreeable fmell. The radical leaves are a foot long, and five inches broad : the fialk rifes to three or four feet high, and is very much divaricated and branched : the leaves fiand alternately on it, and at fmall diftances ; they are five or fix inches long, and more than half as much in breadth, of a du!ky green above, and a paler green underneath, hairy on both fides, atJd not finu ated at the edges : the flowers are very numerous; they fiand in the alre of the leaves, and are large , of a campanulated figure, and firiated. They are of a duik.y purple colour withinJ with a yeilow, variegated b:~.fe; the outer furface is of a greenifh r~d, and hairy : after the flower is fallen, a fine beautiful and large berry, black, when ripe, appears in the place. It is a native of England, but happily is not frequent. Clufius calls it, Solanum lethale; C. Bauhine, Solanum melanocerafos; Tournefort, Belladonna majoribus foliis et floribus. It is a powerful poifon. MANDR A- |