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Show XXVl Explanation of the Terms, &c. (,omzate exprc!fes leaves cohering together, or whofc bafes unite fo as to form but 011 ~~;~;~ns expreffes a leaf, the bafc of which is formed like a cylinder, and furrounds the ftalk. as is the cafe in many of the gra!fes. Artic~lated expreffes leaves which grow one on the top .o~ another. . Stellate expreffes leaves which grow not lefs than fix at a JOint, and are arranged hke the rays of a fiar. . . d' h fi lk •h 'J'ernate expre!fes leaves which grow three at a JOin~, furroun tng t e a ; V\ en there are four or five, they are called quaternate and quznate; when more than fix,Jlel-late. · . h l oppqfita expre!fes leaves which ftand two and two, With the fialk between t em. Alternate leaves, which do not fiand oppofite, but one over another all the way up the fialk. 1 f h 1 Sparfa, leaves which are placed irregularly over the fevera parts o t e p a~t.. · Co11ferta expreff~s leaves place~ in clufiers, or fo clofe to one another, that It IS not eafy to difcover thetr exaa fituatwn. Jmbricata expreffes leaves placed over one another, in the manner of the tiles of a houfe, or like the fcales of fifhes. . . Fafciculata in .little packets ; this expreifes leaves, many of whtch anfe together from the fame pomt. . Frondes cxpreffes leaves, confifiing of feveral other leaves, an~ for~mg .the whole of the plant . as is the cafe in the fern kind, in which, the frutl:tficatiOn being on the back of the' leaves, the fingle leaf makes the whole plant. In this cafe it is not called Folium, but Frondis. THE ( I ) THE H I s T 0 R y 0 F p L T s. PAltT I. BOOK I. OJ SUB MARINE PLANTS. T ~IE frejh waters produce a great number if plants, many if 1vht'ch are £n all refpefls like thofe if the land, and have perfeCI and obvious fruflijications, tho' no part if them ever reach the furface; but it is otherwife with the Submarie ones. 'They are wholly unlike other plants in their form, t exture, and manner of gro'wth, and have either no vijible fruflijications at all, or Juch as are very dijjicultly underjlood, as to their .flruflure, and method of fceczmdation. 'Iheir manner of growth a!fo is wholly d(lferent from that of other plants. Plants in general have been defined to be organifed bodies, nourijhed by meam qf roots which penetrate into the earth; but the Submarines have no fuch roots, they adhere to the bodies, 1vhich fupport them by broad bqfes, which do not penetrate into the fubjlance they are qffixed to, nor is that generally a matter capable if affording nourijhment, if they did: a piece of Jlone, or even a glafs bottle, or any other thing, fimk in the jea Jerv- · ing for this purpqfe. ?"'he part by which they are fixed, evidently anjwers no other purpqfe be/ide that offixing them; and the plants themfelves feem to be all over root, or to take in nourijbrnent fro77i the circumambient water, by pons placed all over their {zt1j"accs. In jJ/ants in 'dJhich the parts of fruClijication can give us no charat-'1ers for d~'jHnguijhing tbe orders and genera, 'We mufl have recourfe to other differences: of thefe the mqfl obvious are the mojl eligible. 'The t exture of the Submarine plants is qf three very different kinds, and, according to th;s, rzoe foal/ therefore arrange them under three clajfes. Submarines; Clafs the Fir .fl. Thofe which are of a Jlony hardnefs, and ?lOt flexile. Submarines ; C!afs the Second. Thofe which are of a very firm and tough texture. ~.S'ubmarines ; Clafs the Third. Tho.fe which are of a tender and herbaceous fln,~,F!Lo ·e. B SUBMA- |