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Show The Hijlory of P L A N '"f S. into two parts : the !lamina are five capillary filaments in all: the anthem~ are fim-· pie : the germen in all is roundifh, and placed under the proper receptacle : the !lyles are two, and fmall: the fiigmata are obtufe. The fruit is roundifh, compreffed, and furround ed longitudinally with denticles ; it is feparabfe into two parts : the feeds an~ two ; they are roundilh, almofi plane, but with an elevated, denticulated edge. 1 . Tordylium umbel/a conferta, folio lis ovato-lanceolatis pinnatijidis. The Tordylium, with clujlered umbels, and with pi11natijid, ovato-lanceolate leaves. The root is oblong, flender, and white; the radical leaves fiand on long pedicles and are five or fix inches long, and formed of a number :of lobes, refembling pin~ ncr:, difpofed on the two fides of a middle rib, which is terminated at the extremity by a lobe of the fame kind, only longer; they are all ferrated round the edges, rough to the touch, and of a dufky green colour. The fialk is round, firiated, hairy, and rough to the touch ; the leaves on it are like the radical ones, but fmaller; it grows to three feet high, and, toward the top, divides into a number of branches, on the tops of which fiand moderately large umbels of flowers, of a reddi{h colour. ft is common by our way-fides and in hedges. C. Bauhine calls it, Caucalis femine afpero flofculis rubentibus; others, Caucalis minor flore rubente. 2. Tordylittm involucris umbel/a longioribus. The Tordylium, with the involucra longer t.han the umbels. The root is oblong, thick, and woody. The radical leaves are large, and compofed of numbers of oblong and broad pinnre, fet on the fides of the middle ribs, with fmall lobes at their extremities; they are of a yellowifh-green colour, and fmooth furface. The fialk is round, firiated, jointed, and has leaves like the radical ones but fmaller and placed fingly at every joint, The top of the fialk is divided into' fix or eigh~ branches, and, on the tops of thefe, fiand umbels of a moderate fize, compofed of flowe~s of a .white, o~ pale reddiili, co~o~r. The feeds are large and long. • .It !s .a natlVe .. of Syr~a, but we .ha~e 1t m fome of our gardens. C. Bauhine calls it, Gmg1_d1Um folus pa{hnachce lat1fobce ; J. Bauhine, Caucalis Syriaca cum maximo femine. · · 3· Tordylium involucris partialibus longitudine petalorum, foliis ovatis laciniatis. The oval, laciniated-leaved Tordylium, with the partial involucra of the length of the petals. €:an np ~art~ ll.Jo~t. The ~oot is long, flender, and white. The radical leaves fiand on pedicles of four or five mches long ; they are com.Pofed of feveral pairs of pinnce, of an oval figure, ?eeply ferrat~d at the edg~s, o~ a pale green colour, and fomewhat hairy. The fralk IS roun.d! fin~ted, and hairy; 1t grows to about fifteen inches high, and, toward the top, d1y1des mto feveral branches. The leaves ,iland fingly on the fialk, and are like the radical ones, but fmaller, an~ fomewhat more hairy, though not much fo. The umb~ls are ~mall, the flowers wh1te, the feed not very hairy. , It 1s a native .of Italy,. and ~ther parts of Europe. Dodonceus calls it, Sefeli Creticum ; C. Bauhme, Sefeh Cret1cum minus. The feeds are efieemed a carminative and alexipharmic but are very little ufed at prefent. ' C AU C A L IS. THE general u~bel is une9-ual, and formed of a few radii, ufually not more than th.ree: the parual umbel1s alfo unequal, but it has more radii, the five outer ~ne~ bemg larg~~· than the refi: the general involucrum is compofed of as many leaves s t ere are rad11; they are of a lanceolato-acute figure and have ihort oval lateral membranes: the partial involucrull;l is compofed of lea~ei of the fame 'iliape: longer thall The HijltJry of P L A N T S. than the radii, and ufually five in number : the general corolla is difform and radiated : the fingle flowers of the difk are all males; they are fmall, and compofed of five equal, inflexo-cordate petals; thofe of the radius are all hermaphrodites, and are compofed of five inflexo-cordate, unequal petals, the exterior one being larger than the refi, and bifid ; they have all five capillary filaments, with· fmall anthera! :- the flowers of the radius have the germen oblong, fcabrous, and placed below the cup : the ftyles are two, and fubulated : the fiigmata are two, patent and obtufe. The fruit is of an ova to-oblong figure, firiated longitudinally, and the ridges are befet with little fpines : the feeds are two, oblong, convex, and prickly on one fide, and plane and fmooth on the other. 1• Caucalis involucra univeifali pinnatijido, partialibus indivijis, umbel/a multijida. The Caucalis, with the univerfal involucrum pinnatijid, the partial ones undivided, and with a multifid umbel. . The root is white, oblong, flender, and of an aromatic tafi:e, but efculent. 'The radical leaves fiand on long pedicles, and are very finely divided ; they refemble, in fame meafure, the leaves of the common carrot. The fialk·is a foot, or more, high, ftriated, jointed, and ramofe, even from the bottom. The leaves fiand fingly at the JOints, and are like the radical ones; they are fmaller, howe~er, and yet the fegments ·are broader. The umbels fiand on very long, naked ped1cles, and are moderately large; the flowers ·are larger than in mofi other umbelliferous plants, and white. It is common among the corn in moft parts of Europe, C. Bauhine calls it, Cau .. calis arvenfis echinata magno flore. 2. Caucalis umbel/a trijida, umbellulis trffpermis, involucris triphyllis. . The Caucalis; with a trifid umbel, trflpermous : umbellulce, and three• I leaved involucra. The root is fmall, oblong, and white : the radical leaves are finely divided, but the fegments fomewhat broad, fmooth on the upper furface, a little hairy underneath, and placed on ihort pedicles. The fialk is round, firiated, ramofe, and fmooth : the leaves fiand fingly on it, and are like the radical ones, only that the fegments are broader. The umbels ftand on naked, very long pedicles: the involucrum is compofed of three large leaves,' with a white edge. The feed~ are oval, compreffed, and of the bignefs of a man's nail, and befet with a multitude of rigid, purple fpines. It is a native of many parts of Europe, and grows principally in corn-fields. · C. Bauhine calls it, Caucalis Monfpeliaca echinato magno fruCl:u. 3. Caucalis umbellulis fe.flilibus Jimplicibus. The Caucalis, with Jimple, fi.flile umbels. The root is fmall, oblong, and white: the fialks are round, very rough, procum ... bent, or oblique, and the leaves divided into a number of fegw.ents, rough, and of a dufky green : the umbels !land at the joints, without any pedicles. The flowers are fingle and white; the feeds fmall, but very rough and hairy. It is common under hedges, and if\ corn-fields. C. Bauhine calls it, Caucalis nodofa echinato femine; Rivinus, Caucalis ad alas florens. The other fpecies are, I. The fmall-flowered, fine-leaved Caucalis. 2. The broadleaved, red-flowered Caucalis. 3· The dwarf, maritime Caucalis. 4· The great, downy-leaved Caucalis. 5· The fpignel-leaved Caucalis. 6. The very finely-divided leaved Cauca\is, with a large, echinated fruit. , ART ED I A. T HE general umbel is multiple, plane, and patent: the partial umbel is fmall, but fimilar: the general involucrum is compofed of about ten leaves; they are of an oblong, oval figure, nearly of the length of the umbel, and have three fpines, or fet::e, at their extremities: the partial involucrum is ·compofed of two or three leaves, -4- 0 and |