General Natural History Vol. 2 - A History of Plants

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The Hiflory of P L A N T S. This is very commo11 in our corn-fields, in May. C. ~auhi~~ calls it, Lithofper.: mum arvenfe radice rubra; others, Anchufa degener fac1e rn1hl folis, and Anchufa fylveftris. ANCHUSA. T HE calyx is an oblong, cylindric, acute perianthium, divided into five fegments · and permanent : the corolla confifts of a fingle petal; the tube is cylindric, and of the length of the c~p;. the limb is lightly divided into five feg~ents, eretl:o-patent, and obtufe; the openmg IS clofed by five oblong, convex, pr~mment, and connivent fquammulre; the ftamina are five very !hort filaments, placed m the mouth of the co­rolla. the antherre are oblong, incumbent, and covered : there are four germina . the ftyle 'is filiform, and of the length of the ftamina ; the ftigma is obtufe, and em'argi­nated; the cup becomes larger, ~nd ferves as a fruit, containing in it's cavity four ob-ong, obtufe, and gibbous feeds. This genus comprehends the Anchufa of authors, and the Bugloffum of Tournefort and others. I. Anchufa Joliis linearibus. Linear-leaved Anchufa. ~at to lb:::lcnl.len ~lttanet. The root is oblong, thick, and of a reddi!h colour. The plant grows to two feet high; the ftalks are rigid and woody, fmooth in the lower part, but hairy toward the top; the leaves are an inch, or more, in length, very narrow, and pointed at the end much refembling the leaves of the common rofetnary: the flowers fiand on the uppe~ parts of the branches, and are fmall, and of a purple, fometimes a blui!h, colour. This is not a native of England, but it is frequent in France and Italy. C. Bauhine calls ir, Anchufa anguftifolia ~ Lobel, and others, Anchufa lignofior anguftifolia. 2. Anchufa Joliis cuneiformibus. 7be Anchufa, ·with cuneiform leaves. 1J5roan:::~eaben ~Utanet. The root is oblong, a third of an inch in diameter, and of a red colour: the ra.: dical leaves are two inches !ong, hairy, and a third of an inch broad at the top, ~hence t~ey grow gr~dually 1m~ller to the bafe: the ftalk rifes to .eight or ten inches ~tgh, and IS round, thick, and hatry :. the leave~.ftand alternately on 1t, and are in lhape hke thofe of the root, and covered w1th long hairs : the flowers ftand in clufters about the tops of the branches ; they are f(llall, and of a bright purple· colour : the f~eds are large, and greyi!h. This is a. native o.f ~any parts of Euro~e, but not of England. C. Bauhine calls it; Anchufa mmor pumcets flonbus ; J. Bauhme, Anchufa Monfpeliana; 3· Anchufa foliis lanceolatis fpicis, imbricatis. · (!ontnton The lanceolated-leaved Anchufa~ with imbricated fpihes ~ JJDuglofs>. The root is thick, black, and hard, and lives many years. The radical leaves are oblong, broa~, and pointed at the extremity: the fi~lk grows to two feet high, and is round and halfy: the leaves fiand irregularly on it, and very near one another; they ar~ oblong, narrow, and of a bluiili-green colour ; they terminate in a !harp point, are ha1ry on both fides, and even at the edges: the tops of the main ftalk and branches fuftain numbers of flowers, which are fmall, blue, or reddiili, and quickly fall off; the t~ps of t~e branches curl up, before the flowers open, and are often red. It ~sa nattve of fome p~rts. of G~rmany; we have it only in gardens. C. Bauhine calls 1t, Bugloffum angufiifohum mmus ; J. Bauhine, and others Bugloffum vulgare. The other fpecies of Anchufa are, I. The borrage-leaved, ev;r-green Anchufa. z. The.finuated-leaved Anchufa. 3· The great, black-flowered Anchufa. 4· The great, Cret~c Anchufa. 5· The little, field Anchufa, called wild Buglofs. 6. The bullated, Crettc Anchufa. 7· The narrow-leaved, dentated Anchufa. 8. The gromwell-leaved, ihrubby Anchufa. 9· The little, yellow-flowered Anchufa. 1 o. The long and nar­row~ leaved Anchufa. I 1. The hoary, fea Anchufa. 12. The procumbent, acaulous Anchufa. 13. The tree Anchufa, 14· The tallJ narrow-leaved Anchufa · and IS• The yellow~flowered, oriental Anchufa. ' ' C Y NOG LOSS U M• Tbe Hifiory of P L A N T S, 2 53 C Y N 0 G L 0 S S U M. 1 ""' HE calyx is an oblong, acute, permanent perianthium, divided into five feg­ments at the edge; the corolla confifis of a fingle petal, of the length of the cup. ''the tube is cylindric, and !barter than the limb) which is lightly divided into five feg~ ments, and obtufe; the mouth of the corolla is clofed up by five convex, prominent, and connivent fquammula{; the fiamina are five very !hort filaments in the mouth of the corolla ; the antherre are roundi{h and naked ; the germina are four; the ftyle is fub­ulated, and of the len~th of the ftamina; the ~igma is emarginated, and the fiyle is permanent ; the frmt confifis of four roundtfh, fcabrous, depreffed capfoles: the feeds are fingle, of an ovJl figure, gibbous, acuminated, and fmooth. The effential character is in the four monofpermous capfules, with the permanent ftyle. This genus comprehends the Cynogloifum, and the Omphalodes of authors. 1. Cynoglof!um foliis lanceolato-ovatis, corollis calycem equantibus. <tonunon J)ounu' g.:: The Cynoglof!um, with ovato-lanceolate leaves, and tongue. corollce of the jize of tbe cup. · The root is thick, large, and black. on the outiide, white within, of a difagreeable fmell, and fweetiili tall:e. , The radical leaves are fix or eight inches long, and an inch or two in breadth, of a blue green colour, foft to the touch, and full of large ribs. The ftalk riCes to two feet high ; it is round, hairy, and thick-fet with leaves, which are long, narrow, and pointed at the ends ; of a firong fmell, and pale glaucous co­Jour. The top of the fialk is divided into feveral branches, and on thefe ftand long feries of flowers, fmnll, and of a clufky reddi(h colour. It is commoP-·with us in barren places, and by way-fides. C. Bauhin'e calls it, Cy­nogloffum majus vulgare. J. Bauhine and others, Cynoglo!fum vulgare. It's root is kept in the !hops, and is e{teemed a peCtoral and narcotic. · 2. () noglo./Jum flaminibus corollam, equantibus. <15rtat .mo~tbern Tbe Cynoglo./Jum, with Jlamina as long as the corolla. ~ounn· .s~tongue. The root is thick, long, black on the outfide, and biennial. The radical leaves are a foot long, very foft, of a pale glaucous colour, three inches broad, and terminate in .a poin~. The ftalk ri_f~s to three fe~t hi~h ; the leaves fiand irregula:ly, and very thJCk on 1t ; they are wh1t1ih, oblong, and pomted : the flowers arc placed 111 long feries, on the tops o_f the branches; they ~re moderately large, of a fine deep purple, and have .the fia~ma fo long, that they nfe to the top of the corolla1 or a little beyond it. ~t ts a nattve of Italy. Columna calls it, Cynoglofia montana maxima frigidarum reg10num. 3· Cynoglo./Jum corollis parvis,foliis anguflioribus. Tbe fmall-jlowered, narrow-leaved Cynoglof!um. <5cttn::;ltabtll ~ounn' .s~ton gue. . The root is long, and black on the fur face. The radical leaves are fix inches long narrow, of a bright green colour, and [oft to the touch : the ftalk rifes to three fee~ high, and is green, hollow, round, hairy, and branched. The leaves fiand thick on it; they are oblong and narrow, of a deep green on the upper furface, and white un­derneath, foft to the touch, and fomewhat hairy. They have not the rank fmell of the common Hounds-tongue : the flowers are fmall and of a dufky ferrugineous-red. This is a native of England, but is not common. I have met with it, near Thorn­don, in ~{fe~. C. Bauhine calls it, Cynogloffum fempervirens. J. Bauhine, Cyno­gloffa foho v1rcnte. The other principal fpecies of Cynogloffum ~re, r. The great Belgic Cynogloffum. 2. The large-~owered, .&reen-lcaved Cynoglofium. 3· The cluil:ered-flowered Cyno­gloff~ 1m. 4· fhe umb1hcated Cynogloffum. 5· The great, broad-leaved, ftinking, Cret~c Cynogloffum. 6. The narrow, filver-leaved, Cretic Cynoglo!fum. 7· The SpantOl, grornwel-leaved Cynogloffum. 8. The woolly-cupped, orient~! Cynoglof- T t t fum.