OCR Text |
Show 212 The Hijlory of P LAN T S. 2. Lolium Jpicis muticis, radi'ce peremzi: - llltil IDa~~ The naked-!J iked Darnel, with ·a perenntal root. ntl~ p . . . of the thicknefs of a crow-quill, and The root of this fpecies lS lonfig and hcre~~mtg'. from the oppofite fide of thefe joints {i d. t many fibres rom t e JOIO s. d 1 jointed, en mg ou fix inches long, very narrow, of a eep green co ou.r, a rife alfo clufiers of leaves, fihver. or . r. ll lk round J. ointed and a foot, or more, Ill thic-k and ft attl·1wt.. ; amo ng. . t e1e f r11he's ah ue ae alfo freq' uently a'r ife other fecon d ary ft al ks . height : from the lower J0111dts o fit ~~ t 1 r f furrounding the ftalk at the bottom, very At every joint of thefe fian s a mg e dea{}, t • at the top ftands a thin,· fiat fpike, d. 11 es but narrower an lOr er . . r. d f 1 like the. ra tea eav , r. 11 f dd'ili colour and compole o a ternate four or five inches long, and Uiua y o a re 1 , glumes. fid C. Bauhine calls it, Gramen loliaceum an·. This fpecies is common by wa~- 1 es. guftiore folio et fpica ; others, Lohum rubrum. T R I T I C U M. . . . 1 [I d f two valves and ufually con· T H E calyx of the Tnucum IS a g ume campo e ~ fi ure and, obtufe. The co-raining three flowe{s: the v~lves arf ?: ~~eov=~~ 0 f th; bignefs of thofe of the rolla confiits of _t ':o ~a v_esbe~~:~ ~~&~n Iobtufe' end, terminated by a point ; the incu~. The ~xtellOt va veh~ ftamina are three ca illary lilaments ; the anthera~ are obtenor valve .ls plan~ . 1e ermen of the piitil i; turbinated: the ftyles. are two; they long, and bifurcate . t g . . 1 mofe The corolla ferves m the place of :~~ c;~;~~:;'ptunn~,r~~~~ohx:;et~~g%:~~ a~ehk~ is fingle, oblong, obtufe, and furrowed on ;~~s f~~~~us comprehends the Triticum and the Triticea ofScheuckzer, Pontedera, &c. 1 . Triticum radice annua, glumis ventricojis, lcevibus, imbri- . catis,fubmuticis. ilmbeat. The annual, bellied-glumed Triticum, with imbricated glumes without awns. The root of this fpecies confi!ls of a great number of fibre.s, flender, but moderately lon . fi·om this arife firft a number of long, narrow, and thm leaves, of a ~a~e green; aft!r~ards feveral fialks, which are tall, large, hollow, and jointed: At ever.Y J~ml~:an~s a fingle leaf, which furrounds the fialk a long w~y, a~d, when It leaves ~t, IS 1 e t e radical leaves. At the top fiands a long and thick fp1ke, furrounde? ~1th fr:ort and fcarce fenfible arifire or awns. The feeds are fometimes white, fomeume~ redd1fh, and are much larger or fmaller, according to the cu~ture and natu:e o~ the fm~. . This is fown every- where in our fields, and lS p;operly a bie?mal plant .. c. !3a?hme calls it, Triticum biennium arifUs carens. Lobel, Sihgo fp1ca muuca. Starch IS prmc1pally made from this wheat. 2. Triticum calycibus truncatis quadrifloris, jlofculis arijlatis . hermaphroditis, intermedio neutro. ~pelt 7be truncated cup four-flowered Triticum, with various flowers. ([orn. This plant, in it's general appearance, much refembles the common whe~t . . It's :oo! confifis of a dufier of moderately thick, and not very long, fibres; from th1s anfe fidl:ds number oflong and narrow leaves, very thin, and of a pale green ; a~ong thefe after":'a: rife feveral fialks, hollow, jointed, flender, and about three feet h1gh. At ev~ry J0111t fiands a leaf which furrounds the fialk for a great way, at the bafe, and, after lt leaves it, grows to' five or fix inches in length' ; at the top of the fialk !lands a. 1r.p 1' ke , fi ve or fix inches long and fomewhat compreffed. The valves of the corolla fhck fo clofe about the feed,' that they are very difficultly feparated; but, when the feed is cleared from them, it is fcarce difiinguiiliable from wheat. This fpecies is cultivated in fields in fome places, and is a biennial. C. Bauhine calls it, Zea dicoccos five Zea major, others, Spelta. 3. Triticum Tbe Hiftory of P L A N T S. 3· Triticum radice repente foliis viridibus. Tbe green-leaved Triticum, with ·a creeping root, The root of this fpecies is compofed of feverallong ramifications of the thickne!S of a crow-quill, white and fweet to the tafie. Thefe fpread feveral w~ys under the furface of the ground, and terminate in iliarp, hard, and pungent ihoots. From the feveral parts of this root a~ife clufters of leaves; they are long, narrow, and of a pale green; among the~e. nfe the ftalk~ ;. they grow to three or four feet high, and have each four or five JOints: at every Jomt fiands a fingle leaf, which furrounds the ~alk almoft to the next joint, and, when it feparates fi·o it, grows t~ fix or eighfinches m length, and generally droop.s downwar?. .At the top of the fialk ftands a fpike like that of wheat, but much thmner, reddifh m colour, and furrounded with a fet of 1hort awns. I T~is fpeci~s. is fr:q~ent. in ~ur fields, and under hedges. It's root is the grafs-root ufed m med1cme ; 1t IS dmret1c and attenuant. C. Bauhine calls the plant Gramen caninum arvenfe five gramen Diofcoridis ; others, Gramen caninum. ' SEC ALE. T ~ E calyx of the Secale is an involucrum, compofed of two leaves, and containmg two flowers. The leaves ftand oppofite, and are ereCt, linear, and acuminated, and are fmaller than the corolla : the corolla confifts of two valves: the exterior valve is rigid, ventricofe, acuminated, and compre:lfed; it's lower edge is ciliated and it terminates in a long arifta : the interior valve i lanceolated and plane. The ~ettaria are two in number; they are ovated and erect: the fiamina are three capillary .filaments, pan~i~g .~ut o~ the flower: the, antherre are oblong an.d furcated. The germen of the plfbl1s turbmated : the ftyles are two, reflex and v1llofe; the ftigmata are ftmple. The corolla ferves the office of a pericarpium, inclofing the feed, and at a ~rop~r ~ime, opening_ and dropping it out. The feed is fingle, oblong, and alm;ft cy-lmdnc m figure. · ' -.., , · , This genus comprehends the Secale and the Secalina of Scheuckzer, &c. In fome fpecies the flower,s are all hermaphroditic; in others there are fome of them only males : and often there are two feffile flowers, with a third fixed on a pedicle between them. · r. Sec ale glumarum ciliis fcabris. The Secale, wi~b rough cilice. . ' ,r . , T?e root of t.his fpecies co~fifts of a clufter of fibres, long, flender, and varioufly 1mphcated; a~d mterwoven w.Ith one ano~her; from thefe rife a number of long, narrow, and pomted leaves, thm and reddilh at their fidl: appear'\J;lCe but afterwards gr)een, and longer and narrqwer than thofe of wheat. Among' thefe there rife feveral (talks, feldom lefs than fix or feven from the fame root, often many more. Thefe rffe to .five .feet high; the~ are thin?er than thofe of wheat, but J?~re rigid and firm. They nfe out of a grammeous vagma, and haye each foqr or. ~\!~ JOints, and at every joint a. fingle, long, and narrow .leaf, furr~und!ng the ftalk a long way at the bafe, and growmg to fome length from It: the fpike ts long, and moderately thick and h.as iliort bu~ rigid awns. ·The feed is longer and thinner than wheat, and of ~ black1ih colour. · · · I . J'his fpecies is fown in our fields. C. Bauhine calls it, Secale hybernum, and Se~ ale ,y.((rnum, , from the different times of fowing it> aod adds, majus to , th~ former, and .minus to the latter ; but they are not difiinet fpecies. 2. S~cale Jpiculis geminatis. The double-/piked Secale. . .$ea .tlDog"s ~rafs. The root of this fpecies is compofed of feveral ramifications, of the thicknefs of a crow-quill, and of a fooh or .more, in length, which creep in various direCtions under the furfa.ce: fro!? thef~, ,in feveral parts, arife tufts of leaves, thirty, or more, I i i together : |