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Show The Hijhrry of P L A N T S, 94 ii f 't At prefent our mercantl' le wn.t ers ha ve and Theophraflus's a~count of t~e u ~1 o ~~ny of the botanical authors have named it, called it, Orifella, Onfelle, and occ~ £'a:orius Tournefort calls it, Lichen Grrecus, poFucus tinB:orius, and Mufcus rupeus ~ efc fun ·us ceranoides albus, tuberculatus, apicilypoi~ es,, tinB:o~ius ;. and ~oert~a~e, fa~~~i~is I~licus, polyp~ides, cinereofufcus, crifpus. bus mgm. Mlcheh calls It, hlC en h d~e name of Orifella for it ; and fome of the Thevet was the ?rfi pe;fondwfio tdau~. t u;o far as to give this as a fynonymen of the writers of that ttme mifun er oo un , . . genifia tinCl:oria.f I . b fid thefe three are confiderably numerous in nature, The fpecies o · t 1tS ge~~s, ehl ~ The m~re fin gular among the hollow kinds are, and appear much more 10 111 aut ors. d . Th . kl d'f [I fi Cladonia 2 The curled Cia oma. 3. e pnc Y, t - I. The great,, o t, open h fc I" d. one~ r The black reticulated Cladonia. 2. The torted Cladoma. ~mong Tt he 0 1 ll" ~lik~ Cladonia.' 4 . The cyprefs-like Cladonia. tu berculofe Cladoma. 3 · e cora me . · Th il · d ~· The fucus-like Cladonia. 6. The pod-hke Cladoma. 7· e 10rt-pomte , per-forated Clladdon~a. t 'thout their ufe in medicine and in the arts and manufaB:ures. The c a omre are no w1 ' r. h b 1 r · · defcribed here, called the Horned Mo1s,. as een ong 1amous m The firfi fpecteS . d cr ainfi coughs and other d!feafes of the breaft. The form of~ fyrup ohr . eco Rwn. agd . Mofs fi·om it's [erving as food for the rain-deer fecond kmd has t e name am- eer ' d Th 1 ft fi . f L 1 d nd other cold countries, when no other is to be ha . . e a · pecies or 0 ap ~n ' lal k r . 't's ufe in dying The Dutch had at one time the fccret of orfelle ts we nown 101 1 • · · d · L d o ft t of eo nanufaeturin it to themfelves; but at pr~fent 1t 1s . one ~n on on, y a e p - 1 le called Arg ol or Orchel-makers. It gtves a red m vano~s deg;ees, and 01ades, but P d fig d 11 Ur1'ne and pot-alb feem to be the mgredtents ufed to extract 1t oes not an we • it's colour. . • h · · 11 It is fin ular that this Cladonia has it's fructtf1catwns, not at t e extremt.ttes, as a the reft of this genus have, but on the body ?f the branch~s, as t~e fpecies of plat fma. though in all refpeB:s befide, it agrees w1th the Cladoma, and mdeed very much r~fembles the l;fs-branched kind firft defcribed. , . 1 remember to have obferved feveral fpecies of the Clad~nia on Rook s-hill near Goodwood, full of a tophaceous m.atter, fuch as fills up thts orfella. It would be well to try whether fuch a colour mtght not be drawn from the1m. M 0 s S E s. Clafs the Third. Genus the Fourth. P .YXIDIUM. P y X I D I U M is a genus of Moffes, confifting of ~ ~rm, tough, a?d flexile matter formed into the iliape of hollowed cups or dnnkmg-glaffes, Wtth longer or fuorter fi~ms. The parts of fruB:ification in this Mofs greatly refemble thofe. of the Cladonia. They are large, foft tubercles, of a convex fo:m, and of~ browm{h, blackilh or red colour affixed to the edge of the cup, fometimes on pedicles, fom:times ~ithout. The fubercles in the Pyxidia are larger and fofter in general than m the Cladonia. In fome of the fpecies of the Pyxidia, the cups are very fair and per-fect, in others they are lefs ; in fome fcarce. diftinguilhable. . . Linnreus and Micheli make thefe all fpec1es of the vaft genus of hchen, and D1lle~ nius makes them of his genus of coralloides; though, .if he had confidered .his intent of bringing them into it, 'tis probable he would have gtven fome other genencal name to the whole. 1. Pyxidium margine leviter ferrato. Common Cup-mojs. This is a fpecies of Pyxidium, in it itfelf almofi: too common for defcription ; but it's varieties are extreamly worthy to be noted, as they have led authors into the error of defcribing this fpecies under different names, as eight or nine different plants. The firfi: appearance of this Mofs is in a granulated crufi, extending itfelf an inch oc two, fometimes much more, over the ground; this, by degrees, expands itfelf fo as to form a fort of leaves of a perfectly irregular and indeterminate figure. They are finuated at the The Hiflory of P L A N T S. 95 the edges, of a greenifh colour on the upper fide, and ~hitilh underneath ; at the bafes of thefe leaves arife the cups ; they confift of a ped1cle fmalleft at the bottom» and larger higher up, terminated by a hollow cup, refembling a drinking-glafs; the general height of the whole plant is three quarters of an inch, and the colour a greenifl1 grey: the edge of the cup is very lightly ferrated. Such is the common appearance; but it fometimes has the whole cavity of the cup covered with greyilh globules, and after thefe has tubercles of various fize and form, growing at it's edges. Sometimes the cups expand to the breadth of a iliilling, and fometimes they will fcarce ad .. mit the head of a pin in the full grown plants, of the f.:1me fpecies ; in fome the tubercles fiand clofe on the edges of the cup, in others they are raifed on pedicles, and in others new cups on their proper pedicles grow from the old one, and thefe only bear them ; in this cafe the Cup-mofs is called proliferous, and is defcribed as a peculiar fpecies by many. Thefe fecondary cups fometimes grow from the fides, fometimes from the center of the old cup, and they often bear others upon them, fo that it is common enough to fee three, fmnetimes four, feries of them one over another. From this and many other parallel circumfi:ances, there appears reafon to believe, that thefe tubercles are neither male nor female parts of fruCtification, but a kind of foboles, like thofe of the dentaria fobolifera, and fome other plants, which are ready to vegetate into new plants wherever they fall, and which falling into the cavity of the cup that produced them, or remaining only too long on it's fides, take root there, and grow, as they would have done on the earth; and perhaps this is not fin gular to the Cup-moffes, but it may obtain in all of this clafs. Thefe are the various forms under which this Pyxidium appears, and under thefe it has been called Mufcus Pyxidatus major, minor, prolifer, and tuberculofus. Linnreus himfelf has not efcaped this common error of miftaking the varieties of this plant for fpecies,but defcribes it, in it's common ftate, in one place, under the name of Lichen caule fimplici, calyce turbinate, margine tenui; and in another, in it's central proliferous ftate, under that of Lichen caule fimplici, calyce turbinate, centro fimpliciter prolifero. This Mofs, in it's common ftate, is found on every barren place almoft in the kingdom; in it's various proliferous fiates, we· meet with it on Hampftead-heath, and in the woods about Harrow. 2. Pyxid,ium gracile margine laciniato. The jlender Pyxidium, with jagged edges. The firft appearance of this Mofs is in form of a fcabrous cruft, which gradually unfolds itfelf into leaves of a greeniili colour on the upper fide, and grey underneath ; from the bafes of thefe leaves arife cups of three quarters of an inch high. The pedicles of thefe are !lender, the cups themfelves ·moderately wide and deep, and their edges fomewhat deeply jagged; they are of a duiky, greyiili-brown colour, with fome admixture of green in it; and have fometimes little foliaceous excrefcences about them, like thofe at the bafe : this fpecies generally grows in confiderable clufl:ers together. It is very rarely met with, with the tubercles upon it : they are fmall, prominent, and brown, and ftand on the fides of the ferratures. This is alfo more rarely proliferous than the common kind, but it is fometimes met with proliferous to a fecond or third degree from the center, very rarely from the fides. Many of the botanical writers have confounded this with the common Cup-mofs ; and others of them, not content with feparating it from that, have made two or three fpecies from it's varieties in the different ftates. Morifon defcribes it, in it's fimple fiate, under the name of Mufcofungus Pyxidatus faxatilis ; and Micheli defcribes it twice in two of it's ftates, once under the name of Lichen Pyxidatus minor; and a fecond time under that of Lichen, non ramofus, acetabulis fimbriatis. Vaillant has given a very good figure of itl, but the ferrature of the edges ought to have been exprelfed deeper. Micheli's fidl: figure does not reprefent the plant well; his other is better, but the Iacinire are too thick. Linnreus met with it in Lapland, in it's uncommon fiate of proliferation from the edge; he has defcribed it under the namen of Lichen caule fimplici, calyce turbinate, margine acuto prolifero. It is common enough in England, in it's fimple ftate; and I remember to have feen it proliferous to the third degree from the center, on the thatch of a houfe, in the way to Burntwood in Elfex. 3• Pyxidimn |