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Show XX Explanation of the Tet111s ujed in the Ca6ptra expreffes a thin mem?ranaceous involucrum, ufually of a conic .figure, which covers the parts of fruClificauon. The capfules of ~o:fl: of the moffes have ca-lyptrx. . Pericarpium expreftes a covering or cafe made for th~ feeds ~f plants .. It 1; the germ en of the pifiil inlarged. There are no lefs than mne fpeC!es of pcncarpta. r. A capfule. 2. A conceptaculum. 3· A pod. 4· A legumen. 5· A nut. 6. A drupe. 7· An apple. 8. A berry. .9· A. il:robilus. . . r. Capjide' exprelfes a pencarpmm, compofed of feveral dry, el~{bc valves~ which ufually buril: open at the points. Th.is kind of peric::u:ri~m fomeum~s con ta m~ only one ceil or cavity, fometitnes more: 111 the firil: cafe, It JS called umlocul~ r ~ m the fecoml, bilocular trilocular or multilocular, according to the number of cells m It, made for the reception of the feeds. . 2. Conceptaculnm. This exprcffes a kind of pericarpium, compofed of foft and lefs rigid valves, and containing only one cavity. . . 3· Pod. This term cxpreffes a pericarpium, con{iil:ing of two valves, ~~11ch open from the bafe to the point, and are feparated by a membranaceous partition, from which the feeds hang by a kind offuniculus .umbilicalis. 4· Legume exprcffes a pericarpium of an oblong, compreffed figure, formed. of two valves, joined by a vifible future, both on the upper and under parts, and havmg the feeds affixed to the upper limb of the two valves, in an alternate order. 5· Nut. This term exprefies a pericarpium of an extraordinary hardnefs. 6. Drupe. This term expreffes a pericarpium, confifting of a foftl flefhy, and fnc-culent pulp, ia the .center ?f which there is. a n~_cleus. . . 7· Apple. By this term IS expreffed ~ pencar_rmm, confi!l.mg of a foh.d, fleQ)y pulp, in the middle of which there are feeds wclofed 111 membranaceous covenngs. 8. Berry. By this is expreffed a fruit, containing a number of naked feeds, in the mid{l; of a fucculent pulp. 9· Strobilus expreffes a pericarpium, formed of a number of vagina>, with con-torted points applied clofe to one another. . . Receptaculum expreffcs that part of a plant, to which the fiower or the fruit adheres ; this is a part of a very various figure in the various genera. CoroJta expreffes any thing growing on the head of a feed. The coronc:e of feeds arc of various kinds; they are fometimes fimple, confifiing only of a dentate~.membrane ; fometimes pappofe, confifl:ing of downy matter. The downy matter, m ~orne cafe~, is immediately affixed to the feed ; in others it has a pedicle growing from It ; and 1~ fometimes is compofed of fimple filaments, fometimes it is ramofe. Amentum expreffes what we generally call a Catkin. It is a clufier of flo~ers o~Iy of one fex affixed to an axis. In fome cafes there are fquamm:-e on the axts, . Which do the office. of cups; in others, the flowers are naked. Vo!"Ja. A membranous matter, furrounding the bafes of many of the fungi, and in many of them of a very fingular figure and fl:ruCl:ure. Terms ufed in the defcription of Roots. Bulbous expreffes a root of a round, or roundifh, figure, and ufually furnifhed with fibres at it's bafe. The terms ufed in defcribing bulbous roots are, 1. Solid, which expreffes the whole root to be one uniform. lump of matter. 2. Tu~zicated; this exprefics fuch bulbs as are formed of multitudes of coats fui:round:ng one another. 3. Squammofe, expreffing fuch as are compofed of, or covered with lefier flakes. 4· Duplicate, expreffing fuch as are compofed of two; and, 5. Aggregate, fuch as are c~rnpofed of feveral fmaller roots. 7 uberous expreffes a root large and fleO)y, thicker than the fialk of the plant, of an irregular figure, and wanting the characters of the bulbous. Wh.en_ the tuberous roots adhere immediately to the bafe of the fialk, they are called jijjzle; when they are fixed to the ends of fibres, pendulous. Fibrous expreffes a root, confifl:ing of one, or more, flender bodies, oblong, and lefs thick than the fialk of the plant. When a fibrous root penetrates flrait into the ground, it is called perpendz'cular; when it creeps under the furCtce, horz'zontal; when fomewhat thick, it is called .ftejhy ; when very thin, capt'llary; when it runs all the way undivided, jimple; when divided, or when it fends off fmaller roots, branched; when it's furface is covered with extreamly l11ort and fine fibres, haz'ry. Defcriptions of the Flowers and Fruits if Plants. xxi Terms Zffid in defcribing tbe Stalks of plants. Stalk. By this we exprefs that part of a plant, which rifes immediately frotn the: root, and which ufually fupporls the leaves, the flowers, and the fruit. The term Stalk is ufed, on moll: occafions; but, in fpeaking of the graffes and gramineous plants, the word culm is ufed in it's place, to difiinguill) that peculiar kind of il:alk which is general to all thefe plants, and is not found in any others. The terms ufed in defcribing the ftalk of a plant are, I. Simple; by this we underfiand a fialk which runs up undivided from the root to the top. This is called naked, when· it has r'lo leaves; when it has leaves on it, foliofe ; when it fends out branches, ramofe. If it rifes firait up, it is called ereel; if fianting, oblique ; if it twifi rGund other things, voluble; if it bend, flexuous; if it fioops toward the ground, reclinate ; if it lie on the ground, procumbent ; ifit emit root , as it runs along, creepz" ng and Jarmentous. If the il:alk be r6unded in iliape, it is ca1led round; if it make two angles, anet'pital; if three, trigonal; if four, fquare; if more, polygonal; if it be lightly ridged and furrowed on the furface, it is faid to be .flrt'ated; if more deeply, canaliculated; if full of protuberances, fcabrous; if lightly hairy, ·villofe ; if more roughly fo, hijpid. 2. In the branched .flalk, if the branches rife ereCl:, it is expreffed by afcmdent; if they fpread, by dijjitje; if they are very large, it is called brachiated. If the {l;alk divaricate, or, inil:ead of fending out branches, divides into them, it is called a compqfite flalk; if thefe divarications proceed by pairs, or every branch is divided only into two others, it is dichotomous; if it part into two feries of branches, it is exprefled by the term d~jlichous; if it part into a multitude of ramifications, fubdivided. All thefe terms are ufed alfo in expreffing the different fiates of the culm. When a fialk has no articulations, it is called equal; when fcaly, fquamofe. Scapus expreffes a peculiar kind of fialk, which fupports the parts of fructification of a plant, and does not grow from any part of the common ftalk, but rifes imme·"": diately from the root. Peduncle expre!fes that little fialk, which grows fi·om the trunk or branches of a plant, and fupports the parts of fructification, the flower, and the fruit, or either : when this is produced from the ftalk, it is called cau/inus; when from the alc:e of the leaves, alaris; and, when it terminates the plant, or it's branches, terminalis. Pett'olus expreffes that ftalk which fupports the leaves of a plant, as the peduncle does the fructifications. Cirrhus exprefft:s the little fibres, which many plants fend out from their !talks, and by which they are attached to other bodies. Terms z{ed in the defcriptions of Leaves. Simple leaves are thofe, of which the petiole carries but one ; compound leaves are thofe, of which the fame petiole carries .many. Orbicular expreifes a leaf of a roundi{h figure, the breadth of which is equal to iL's length, and every part of it's edges equally di{l;ant from the center. Subrotund expreffes a leaf approaching to the former figure, but departing from it,' either in being too long, or too broad, or prominent in fome one or more parts. Ovatum expreffes a leaf, the iliape of which is like that of an egg, which is longer than it is broad, and the bafe or lower part of which forms a fegment of a circle, though the other extremity is too fmall to be in proportion to it. Obverfe ovatum expreffes a leaf of the fame figure with the fonner, only fixed to the petiole by it's fmaller end. . Oval. This expreffes what might be more difi:inCl:ively called elliptic; a figure approaching to round, but too long for it's breadth, and equal in diameter at both extremities, the two ends forming the fame fegments of a circle. Oblong exprdfes a leaf, the length of which is many times equal to the breadth, and the extremities of which are both too narrow to form fegments of circles. Cuneiform expreffes a leaf of the iliape of a wedge ; the length of which greatly exceeds the breadth, and the lower part of which grows fmaller all the way. Lanceo/ated expreffes a leaf of the iliape of a fpear-point, that is oblong, and growing Jmaller and narrower, from the middle to the extremity, where it terminates in a point. [ f ] Linear |