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Show . 0 .0 Q ~ tbM7wltaiCd- [l!ttu.w IVtiA (1,/l~bll" ¢ ~ t ~ Ct~ ~tld'V ~WV-4 )11'1'/1/J'//,( ~ - ~ ~ 1/uutJI.-kd.- llvnatv Tur~.nll' '(ptle - {lLrerruzf'V I fJ;tjUJttdV .:! uatU'ftaiV o.ftel/aW t:lrcd:a~ Fn:mdw /u/twzaiu.J [ XIX ] Explanation of the T E R M S ufed in the Defcriptions of the Flo,vers and Fruits of Plants. CALYX is a general term exprefiing the cup of a flower: the part of a plant which furrounds, inclofes, or fupports the other parts of the flower. The cups of flowers are very various in their firuCl:ure, and are difiinguifhed by the feveral names of, I. Perianthium. 2. Involucrum. 3· Spatha. 4· Gluma. I. Perianthium expreifes that fort of cup of a flower, which either confifis of feveralleaves, or elfe of one leaf divided into feveral fegments, and furrounds the lower part of the flower. 2. Involucrum expreifes that fort of cup which furrounds a number of flowers toge-ther, every one of which has, befide this general cup, it's own particular perianthium . The involucrum confifis of a multitude of little leaves, difpofed in a radiated manner. . 3· Spatha expreifes that fort of cup which confiil:s of a fimple membrane, growing from the fialk. This kind of cup is of various figures, often diphyllous, or divided into two parts ; often fimple, fometimes more divided : it inclofes fometimes a fingle flower, fometimes feveral together, and thefe have oflen no perianthium. The fpatha is of very different texture and confifience in different plants. 4· Giuma. t:he glume is a fpecies of cup, confifling of two or t):uee membranous valves, which are often pellucid at their edges. This kind of cup belongs to the graifes. The Corolla is the moll confpicuous part of a flower; it expr~Jfes the coloured, tender part which furrounds the organs of generation. The parts it is compofed of are called petals : if it confifis only of one piece, it is called monopetalous ; if of more, it is faid to be dipetalous, tripetalous, tetrapetulous, and fo on, as it confifis of two, three. or four, or more parts. Petal expreifes the part of a flower which confiitutes the corolla ; this generally di. fiinguiilies itfelf by it's fingular colour. When the corolla confifis of only one petal, it's lower tupular part is called the tube; it's upper expanded part, the limb: when feveral petals go to make up the flower, the narrow part, where they are inferted, is called unguis; their broader part, toward the end, braClea. NeClarium expreifes what is fometimes only a part of the corolla, fometimes, though more rarely, the whole. It is a part defi:ined for the reception of the honey juice of the plant, and is very various in it's figure. Sometimes it is only a hollow in a petal; fometimes it is a litde fquamma, fometimes a tubercle, and fometimes a plain tube. Corollu/a is ufed to exprefs thofe little, partial flowers, which together confi:itute the whole of the compound ones. Thefe are of two kinds, the tu bulat::e and ligula tee : the tubulated corollul::e are always furniilied with a campanulated limb, divided into four or five fegments. The ligulated corollula has only a flat, linear limb, terminated by a fingle point, or by a broader extremity, divided into three or five fegments. Stamina expreifes the male organs of generation in flowers : thefe confift of two parts, a filament and an anthera, though fometimes the anthera fiands alone. The Filament is a flender body, fupporting a tumid one, which is the anthera on it's head. - The Anthera is the principal male organ of generation; it is a finall tumid body, affixed on the top of the filament, and is hollow, and contains in it a fine powder called the farina. , Pijf£1 expreffes the female organ of generation in flowers; it is compofed of three parts, the germen, the fiyle, and the ftigma. The Germen expreffes a part which fupplies the office of an uterus in plants. It is of various iliapcs, but is always fituated at the bottom of the piftil, and contains the embryo feeds . The Style is a part of various figure alfo, but it is always placed on the germeh, and gives origin to the fiyles; in fome plants this is extreamly iliort, in others it feems entirely wanting. The St£gma is alfo of various figures ; it's place, however, is certain : it ftands on the top of the fiyle) and,, if there i~ no fiyle, on the top of the germen, 3 ~~~ |