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Show 694 ON LEPIDOPTERA FROM T H E ARUSA GALEA COUNTRY. [June 1, observations. Teracolus heuglini of Felder was based upon dry-season examples of a species of which the wet and intermediate phases were not recognized. In his recent paper on the synonymy of Teracolus Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall reduced T. heuglini, T. nouna, and the whole of the T. antlgone group of Teracolus to synonyms of T. evagore, totally misunderstanding their seasonal relationships. In a recent paper on Lepidoptera from Arabia and Somali-land (P. Z.S.I 896, p. 247), Capt. Nurse speaking of T. yerburyi observes :-" From all the pupae emerged typical T. yerburyi, except from one which produced T. nouna, much to my surprise. I did not notice that one of the larva? was different from the others, so that the larva of T. nouna must closely resemble that described above." In dry countries like Aden and Karachi the seasonal phases of Teracolus are undoubtedly produced simultaneously as mere variations, if produced at all: in the case of Teracolus phisadia the male is always a wet-season phase and the female always dry-season; in the nearly allied T. puellarls both dry and wet phases of the male occur, but only dry of the female; whereas in the species nearest to the latter (T. vestalis) dry and wet forms of both sexes are abundant, but all flying together. Indeed one of Col. Swinhoe's chief objections to Capt. Watson's decision as to the dry and wet forms of Teracolus was based upon the fact that at Karachi he took all the so-called ' seasonal forms ' flyiug together throughout tbe year. That this is not the case where tbe seasons are well defined has been amply proved, but it appears to be unquestionably true of very hot and dry countries where there is next to no rainfall. A careful examination of the T. daira group of Teracolus has convinced me that tbe following are the seasonal forms or phases of the three most nearly allied species :- Wet-season. Intermediate. Dry-season. 1. T. daira. T. odysseus. T. nouna. 2. T.jaclcsonl. T. thruppi. T. heuglini. 3. T. yerburyi. T. swinhoei ? T. evagore. It will, however, be necessary to note that the dry-season being much alike in these three species, owing to the simple character of their markings, have hitherto been confounded in papers upon the Lepidoptera of Aden and Somali-land. Also T. swinhoei is practically a wet-season form with yellow ground-tint, this alone entitling it to be called intermediate; it does not nearly approach T. evagore (=saxeus), which is the form bred from a larva of T. yerburyi by Capt. Nurse. Other species of interest in Mr. Gillett's collection are :- A somewhat rubbed male of Teracolus ludovicice, a very distinct species related to T. puniceus and T. hetcera (of both of which species I have examined series of both dry- and wet-season forms, and which therefore are certainly not synonymous"). Both sexes of Teracolus casta and the female of its wet-season |