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Show 1897.] MYOLOGY OF THE TERRESTRIAL CARNIVORA. 399 this. Krause1 also does not notice the centralis in the dosr. Among the Ursidae, Windle notices the abseuce of the condylo-ulnaris in Ursus americanus (48), while in two other specimens of the same animal (49, 52) only one condylar origin is described. In the Procyonidae all five heads were found in Procyon lotor (53), P. cancrivorus (57), Nasua rufa (XLV.), and Cercoleptes (61). In Perrin's specimen of Ceroleptes (62) the centralis was not noticed. In the Mustelidae all five heads were present iu Mustela putorius (XLV.), Ictonyx zorilla (69), Meles (XLV.), Lutra vulgaris (XLV., 74), and L. cinerea (78), while in Galictis vittata (63) and, apparently, M. putorius (65) the centralis was absent2. From the foregoing details it will be seen that in the Carnivora it is usual to find all five origins of the flexor profundus digitorum, that the condylo-centralis is the part most frequently missing, and, after that, the condylo-ulnaris. The two specimens of Hyaenidae were the only animals in which the muscle did not send slips to all five digits. Lumbricales.-As a rule there are four of these muscles, but when there are less it seems that the one on the radial side disappears first and the ulnar one next. In the following animals four muscles were found:-Fells catus (6), Viverra civetta (12), Genetta (16), Herpestes (24), Hycena striata (27), H. crocuta (29), Ursus marltlmus (45), U. americanus (49), Procyon lotor (53), Nasua (60), Cercoleptes (61), Meles (71, 72), and Lutra (76). In the following there were three lumbricales :-V. civetta (13) (ulnar one absent), Proteles (25), Canis familiaris (31) (radial absent), Mustela putorius (65) (radial absent), Lutra vulgaris (79) (radial absent), and L. cinerea (78) (radial absent). In Hycena striata (26) and Ictonyx llbyca (70) only the two middle lumbricales were present. Pronator quadratus.-This muscle is alwavs present in the Carnivora and is usually of considerable thickness when cut through. The part nearest the carpus is always the thickest, strongest, and most persistent. The muscle may extend for the whole length of the bones or may only occupy a fraction of them at their carpal ends. Among the Felidae the pronator quadratus almost always occupies the lower half of the forearm ; this is the case in Felis leo (1), F. tigrls (3, XXIIL), F. pardus (4), and F. catus (6). In Cyncelurus (9), however, it seems to occupv rather more than half. In the Viverridae the muscle is very variable. In Cryptoprocta (10) it is attached to the lower •§•. in Herpestes nepdlensls (23), H. griseus (24), one specimen of Paradoxurus (19), and Vlverrlcula malaccensis (15) it is present in the lower half; in Genetta (16), Viverra civetta (12), and the second specimen of Paradoxurus (20) in the lower third ; in V. civetta (13) in the lower quarter. In Hemlgalea Mivart (XI.) describes 1 'Anat. des Kaninchens.' a It should, however, be borne in mind that tbe centralis is very easily overlooked. |
