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Show 380 DR. B. C. A. WINDLE AND MR. F. G. PARSONS ON THE [Apr. 6, attachments to the hyoid bone and anterior border of the scapula, there is no central tendon as in Man, and in no case was any connection with the clavicle noticed. Among the Felidae it is apparently never present; it is certainly absent in F. leo (1, la), F. tlgrls (3), F. pardus (4), F. catus (6, 7), and F. caracal (8), while Ross makes no mention of it in Cgncelurus juhatus (IV.). Among the Viverridae it is absent in Cryptoprocta (10), in Viverra civetta (12, 13, 14), in V. malaccensis (15), in Genetta (17, 18), and in Herpestes (23, 24). Three specimens of Paradoxurus typus were examined (19, 20, 21), in one of which (19) a slender omo-hyoid was found though it was absent in the others. In Proteles (25) it is absent. Among the Hyaenidae it was found by Meckel in H. striata (XXXIX.), but was absent in two other specimens (26, 28); it is also wanting in H. crocuta (29). In the Canidae it was absent in three Dogs dissected by Macalister (35, 36, & 41), and in one dissected by ourselves (31). Testut (XXIII.) also describes it as wanting in the Dog. Iu the other Canidae of wdiich we have records, no mention is made of it. In the Ursidae it is present in U. marltlmus (45) and in U. americanus (48, 49, 50). In the Procyonidae it was not seen in P. lotor (53) or Nasua (58, 60, XXIII.), but was present in two specimens of Cercoleptes (61, 62). In the Mustelidae it was found in Galictis vittata (63), Ictonyx zoriila (69), and /. llbyca (70), feebly developed in Meles (71) and Mustela folna (68), well developed in two specimens of Lutra vulgaris (74, 79) (see fig. 4, p. 378) and in Lutra cinerea (78). On the other hand, it is absent in Galictis barhara (64). From previous experience of this muscle we are inclined to lay a good deal of stress on its classificatory value; this opinion our study of the Carnivora confirms, since its presence is almost confined to the Ursidae and Mustelidae, though it occasionally occurs in other families. Omo-trachellan.-This muscle is most constant in the Carnivora ; it always rises from the transverse process of the atlas and runs backwards to be inserted into tbe acromion process of the scapula close to the metacromial tubercle. In its course it is pierced by several of the cervical nerves from which it receives its supply. It always appears on the surface between the cervical (cephalo-humeral) and anterior thoracic portions of the trapezius, and hence is often described as piercing that muscle. It was found in every recorded dissection of Carnivora except in Young's specimen of Viverra civetta (VIII.) ; this, however, was evidently abnormal, since Devis (X.), Macalister (IX.), and Meckel (XXXIX.) found it present in that animal. It will be readily understood that this is the same muscle as the trachelo-acromial, acromio-atlantal, and levator claviculae ' of other authors. After considerable thought we have preferred the term " omo-trachelian" as giving the best description of the muscle throughout the Mammalia (see fig. 5, p. 381). - Windle bas used " levator claviculae " for the cleido-mastoid. |