| OCR Text |
Show 1888.] DR. H. GADOW ON THE REMIGES OF BIRDS. 663 Group C.-Transitional group from B to D, comprising the Stur-noid Passeres of Wallace. The numerous and considerable exceptions destroy the validity of this group. General characters are:-10 distinct primaries; the 9th is long and helps to form the tip of the wing. The 10th primary is considerably shortened. The 1 1th primary is lost completely, but its upper covert is still present; the latter is, as a rule, very small, except in Heteralocha, where it reaches a length of 1*5 centim. Textor Hyphantornis Chera Ploceus oryx manyar Sturnus Acridotheres tristis .. Gracula Basilornis Heteralocha Artamus Alauda arvensis calandra Otocorys alpestris bilopha Certhilauda bifasciata Pyrrhulauda , Mirafra Calandrella brachydactyla ... 0-8 -n U O 03 F » bD a _-T "• fl • 1-1 o 4-2! 2-5 21 1-2 1-8 1-5 2-5 30 2-5 9-0! 2-2-5 0-8 11 0-7 07 23 1-7 3-0! The 10th primary in Hyphantornis is 3 times longer than its upper covert. Traces of the 10th primary are present besides a distinct llth covert. P. manyar, llth primary twice the length of its covert. Wings much rounded ; tips formed by the 5th and 6 th quills. Stiff and not occult, smaller than its covert. Occult, between its covert and the outer vane of the 9th primary. \ Quite visible, not hidden. With broad and soft vanes, and considerably longer than its covert. Smaller than its covert; shifted dorsally and hidden by the outer vane of the 9th primary. |
