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Show 358 DR. ST. G. MIVART ON THE ARCTOIDEA. [Apr. 21, For an account of the myology of Cercoleptes, see J. Beswick Perrin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 547. The tongue is long, narrow, and exceedingly extensible. The circumvallate papillae are as in Nasua. The fungiform papillae are scattered over the surface generally. There is a rounded patch of somewhat elongated conical papillae in the middle of the dorsum. There are no marked flattened papillae. The lytta is very elongated and stout. The liver is very like that of Nasua, but the cystic notch is deeper. There are the two normal anal glands. The lungs present four lobes on the right side, and two on the left. The thyroid cartilage is, as in Canis, much deeper in front medianly than in iEluroids. It is indeed deeper or narrower there than elsewhere, whereas in all the iEluroids I have examined it is narrower in the middle than anywhere else. The external ear has no pouch. The conch is rather smooth. There is a tragus and an antitragus and a ridge-like supratragus (the front end of which is most prominent), with a vertical ridge in front of it, which ends superiorly within the anterior margin of the conch. The brain is short and rounded. The Ursine lozenge is not strongly defined. The cranial and calloso-marginal sulci join *. Ailurus2.-This, the first Old-World Arctoid we have to consider, is found in the South-eastern Himalayas amongst rocks and trees at an elevation of from 7000 to 12,000 feet. It feeds mainly on fruits and other vegetable matters. The Panda has a broad, short face, small eyes, large, erect, pointed ears, and a naked end to the muzzle. The limbs are stout, and the locomotion is plantigrade, although the palmar and plantar surfaces are almost entirely hairy. The claws are large but blunt, aud not at all retractile. The vertebrae are 14 dorsal, 6 lumbar, 3 sacral, and 18 caudal. The length of the second inferior true molar, compared with that of the skull, is greater than in any other Arctoid. To the cranial characters already described by Professor Flower, the following notes may be added :-Though the muzzle is so short, yet it is upturned distad in a way which recalls the form of the skull of Nasua. The zygomata are more arched, both upwards and outwards, than in the hitherto described genera, but most resembling, of the three, the condition existing in Procyon. The infraorbital foramen is large. The palate is curiously arched, being strongly 1 See P. Z. S. 1869, p. 13. 2 Ailurus fulgens, F. Cuv. M a m m . iii. 50 livr.; (Panda) Hardwicke, Linn. Trans, xv. p. 161, pi. 2; Wagner's Supp. vol. ii. p. 177 ; Gervais, Mamm. ii. p. 23; Brian Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi. p. 1113 (1847), where an account of the animal's habits is given ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 708 (with figures of skull and palate); P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 278, 408-507, pi. xii.; Flower, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 752 (anatomy, with woodcuts) ; De Blainville, Osteographie, Subursus, pi. vii. ; Bartlett, on Habits m Captivity, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 769. |