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Show 1885.] 'LIGHTNING'AND'PORCUPINE'EXPEDITIONS. 57 Distribution. Lofoden I. to Gibraltar, throughout the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Adriatic, Marocco, Canaries, and Azores ; 0-140 fms. Inhabits the littoral and laminarian zones. Fossil. Miocene, Pliocene, and Post-tertiary ; throughout Europe, Cos, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Madeira ; 0-200 ft. For this abundant and widely spread species Weinkauff has particularized 17 synonyms; but I must demur to the inclusion of C. angustissimum of Forbes, which, according to the type now before me, is a species of Cerithiopsis, and the same species which Delle Chiaje described and named as Cerithium metaxa. The best known synonym is Murex scaber of Olivi, 1792. It seems to be replaced on the northern coasts of the United States by C. nigrum of Totten. The longitudinal ribs or striae are often varicose ; hence Nyst described and figured a variety of the present species as a Crag fossil under the name of C. variculosum. 10. CERITHIUM PUSILLUM, Jeffreys. Turritellal pusilla, Jeffr. in Ann. & Mag. N. H. Febr. 1856, p. 42, f. 10, 11. ' Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. C. Sagres, 26, Tangier B.; Med. 50, Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank. Distribution. C. Breton (De Folin), Mediterranean and Black Sea; 12-120 fms. Fossil. Miocene : Vienna Basin (Homes). Pliocene : Monte Mario, Calabria, Sicily, and Rhodes. C. schwartzi, Homes, 1856, and C. submammillatum, Rayneval, 1864. Fischer says "non C. pusillum, Gould," and that it is anterior to m y name ; but I described and figured the present species in 1855-56, and Gould described his species in 1862. The basal groove is so slight and shallow that I at first thought it might be a Turritella. Specimens are occasionally varicose. S I P H O N I B R A N C H I A T A. Family XXIX. CERITHIOPSID^E. 1. TRIFORIS PERVERSA, Linne. Trochus perversus, L. S. N. p. 1231. Cerithium perversum, B. C. iv. p. 261 ; v. p. 217, pi. lxxx. f. 5. 'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. 26, 30, Tangier B.; Med. Algesiras B., 45, Benzert Road, Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank. Distribution. Christiansuud and Bohuslan to Egvpt, Black Sea and Adriatic, Marocco, Madeira, Canaries, Azores, N. Pacific (Cooper, f. P. Carpenter) ; 0-205 fms. Fossil. Miocene : Mayence and Vienna Basins, Transylvania and Calabria. Pliocene: Red and Coralline Crags, S. France, Italy Morea, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Madeira. Post-tertiarv: Scandinavia and Ireland; 0-120 ft. |
