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Show 1874.] ON FOSSIL ARVICOLIDA. 467 1847. Hypudaus brecciensis, sp. n., Giebel, Fauna d. Vorwelt, i. p. 88. 1855. Arvicola ambiguus, sp. n., Hensel, Zeits. d. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. vii. p. 469, pi. xxv. figs. 3, 8, 9 (nee Pomel). 1859. Arvicola brecciensis, Gervais, Zool. et Paleont. Franc. (2me ed.) p. 41. A species of Arvicola, found in the breccia of the Mediterranean islands, was described but not systematically named by Cuvier, and subsequently by Wagner (Karsten's Archiv, xv. p. 10) ; and on these descriptions Dr. Giebel founded his Hypudaus brecciensis. O n the ground that Giebel had not given sufficient diagnostic characters, Hensel re-named it A. ambiguus, overlooking the previous employment of that name by Pomel (see below, p. 469). Hensel defines the species as having three external and three internal angles to the third upper molar, and four external and five internal angles to the first lower molar. H e considers that its nearest affinities among living forms were with the Siberian A. obscurus, the size and the form of the first lower molar agreeing well with Middendorff's figure of that species ; but the third upper molar was very different, and the facial portion of the skull was shorter. According to Hensel's figures and description, the pattern w a s :- Upper I. 5 spaces, 6 angles. Lower I. 7 spaces, 9 angles. „ II. 4 „ 5 „ „ II. 5 „ 6 „ „ III. 5 „ 6 „ „ III. 4 „ 6 „ W e have not seen specimens of this Vole; but if Hensel's characters are constant, the species would appear to be a good one. 6. ARVICOLA AGRESTIS (Linn.). 1823. Young Water-Rat, Buckland, Rel. Diluv. p. 265, plate xi. fig. 11. 1825. Petit Campagnol des Cavernes, Cuvier, Ossem. Foss. v. pt. i. p. 54. 1846. Arvicola agrestis, Owen, Br. Foss. M a m m . p. 206, fig. 77- 1847. Hypudaus bucklandii, sp. n., Giebel, Fauna d. Vorwelt, i. p. 88. 1852. (?) Arvicola arvaloides, sp. n., Pomel, Ann. Sc. de l'Au-vergne, xxv. p. 362. 1852. (?) Arvicola joberti, sp. n., Pomel, ibid. p. 363. 1866. Arvicola agrestis, Boyd Dawkins & Sanford, Pleist. M a m m . (Introd.) p. xxxvi. 1869. Arvicola agrestis, Boyd Dawkins, Q. J. Geol. Soc. xxv. p. 194. 1870. Arvicola agrestis, Sanford, ibid. xxvi. p. 124. Small remains of Arvicola, found in the Kirkdale Cave, were attributed by Dr. Buckland to "young Water-Rats." He sent specimens to Cuvier, who observes that they were not larger than A. arvalis, but that a femur was proportionally thicker, and that the pelvis figured by Buckland resembled A. oeconomus rather than A. arvalis. At that time A. agrestis was universally confused with the |