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Show 256 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE [May 5, allies it is triangular and very large at its base. The similar number of carotid arteries in the Columbidee, Pteroclidee, and Gallinae prevents any inference being drawn from them ; and the same may be said of the oesophageal crop. In the caeca of the intestine in the Pteroclidee there is, no doubt, a strong likeness to the Gallinee ; for whilst, as above shown, they are very short or absent in the Columbae, they are voluminous and long in the Sand-Grouse and Fowls, being in the former between 4 and 5 inches from end to end. As in all the Gallinae and some Columbee (Carpophaga and Ptilonopus), the Pteroclidee possess a gall-bladder. The following Table gives the length of the intestine, from the gizzard to the cloaca, in the species named. The most peculiar point to be noticed is its excessive length in Didunculus:- •»T c u- J Length of Name of bird. intestine. ft. in. Carpophaga aurora 1 10 cenea 1 6 Chalcopelia chalcospilos 1 6 Chalcophaps chrysochlora 1 8| Columba maculosa 2 8 Didunculus strigirostris 7 0 Ectopistes migratorius 2 6 Geopelia cuneata 0 8g humilis 1 6 placida 1 1 striata 0 111 Goura coronata 5 1 victoria 4 0 Lopholamus antarcticus 1 4| Macropygia phasianella 2 8 Metriopelia melanoptera 2 0 Ocyphaps lophotes 2 3 Phaps chalcoptera 2 6 Pterocles alchata I 6 arenarius 2 1 Ptilonopus jambu 1 0 maria 0 11 melanocephalus 0 9 Starnoenas cyanocephala 2 10 Treron calva 2 4A Turtur aldabranus 1 8 chinensis 1 6 Zenaida martinicana 1 11 Zenaidura carolinensis 2 0 In nearly all Pigeons the gizzard is well-developed after the ordinary type; in some the pad on which the food is triturated is longitudinally grooved or plicated, whilst in others it is smooth ; its |