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Show 1874.] MR. A. H. G A R R O D O N T H E MUSCLES O F BIRDS. 123 a. The Columba, including the Pteroclidee, have a formula A B. X Y (except in Lopholamus, in which it is apparently A. X Y). The ambiens muscle is sometimes present, sometimes absent. The oil-gland, if present, is nude; caeca may or may not be present; and the pterylosis is a very diffused one. (3. The Limicola have a tufted oil-gland and caeca ; they form four families at least:- 1. The Charadriida, with formula A B. X Y and A. X Y, and an ambiens muscle. 2. The Larida, with A. X Y formula, and an ambiens muscle. 3. The Gruida, with formula A B. X Y, and an ambiens muscle. 4. The Alcidaz, with formula A B . X, and no ambiens muscle. The A N O M A L O G O N A T O U S birds form three cohorts-a. the Passeriformes, j3. the Piciformes, and y. the Cypseliformes. They divisible into the following families : - a. Passeriformes. 1. The Passeres, with a formula A. X Y (except in Dicrurus, in which it is A. X), a characteristic palate and sternum (except in Pteroptochus), a left carotid only, and a characteristic tensor patagii brevis muscle (to be described on a future occasion). 2. The Bucconida, of which I have not dissected any example, but which most probably come here. 3. The Trogonida, with formula A. X, a left carotid only, and a very passerine pterylosis. 4. The Meropida, with a formula A. X Y, and a left carotid only. 5. The Caprimulgida, with a formula A. X Y, and two carotids. 6. The Steatornithida, with a formula X Y, and two carotids. 7. The Coraciida, in which the Coraciinte and Momotina are combined, on account of their not presenting family differences. They have a formula A. X Y, and two carotids. 8. The Galbulida, with a formula A. X Y or A. X, two carotid arteries, and a scansorial foot. (3. Piciformes. 1. The Picarice, to include the Pici, the Ramphastidee, and Ca-pitonida, these three not in any point presenting family differences. They may be divided into two subfamilies, the Pici forming the one, the Ramphastida together with the Capitonida forming another. The formula is A. X Y (except in the Picina among the Pici) ; the form of the sternum and of the tensor patagii brevis is characteristic. The foot is scansorial. 2. The Upupida, with formula A. X Y, a characteristic pterylosis, a left carotid only, and a passeriform foot. 3. The Bucerotida, with formula A. X Y, no fat found on the body, a characteristic sternum, and one or two carotids. 4. The Alcedinidaj, with formula A. X, and two carotids. y. Cypseliformes, including the Cypselidee and Trochilida, between which the differences are only of subfamily importance. The formula is A; the tensor patagii brevis and the pterylosis are characteristic, as is the sternum ; and there is only a left carotid (except in Cypselo'ides). |
