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Show 1 18 MR. A. H. GARROD ON THE MUSCLES OF BIRDS. [Feb. 3, Subfamily 2. Momotina?. 3. Todina (?). Order III. CYPSELIFORMES. Family MACROCHIRES. Subfamily 1. Cypselinee. „ 2. Trochilinx. There are peculiarities in the arrangement of the caeca of the intestine and of the tuft of feathers on the oil-gland which are correctable with this presence or absence of the ambiens muscle. Some birds possess caeca to the intestine at the same time that the oil-gland is tufted (1) ; others have caeca and a nude oil-gland (2), others a tufted oil-gland and no caeca (3), whilst a few have no caeca and a nude oil-gland (4) ; the genera Didunculus, Goura and Treron amongst the Columba, have no caeca and no oil-gland, wherein they differ from all other birds. Now it is a curious fact that it is only amongst the homalogonatous birds that the first of the above-named conditions is found, namely a tufted oil-gland combined with caeca to the intestine ; and what is more, they nearly all agree with it. The following table (II.) contains the names of those birds in which a tufted oil-gland is combined with caeca to the intestine, an asterisk indicating the families in which there are certain exceptions. TABLE II. Struthiones*. Gruida. Crypturi. Anatida. Gallince *. Spheniscida. Otida *. Colymbida. Phcenicopterida. Procellariida *. Palamedeida. Ciconiida. Rallida. Ardeida (one caecum). Limicola. Steganopodes. Larida. Falconida. Alcida. Fulturida. Respecting the exceptions, it may be mentioned that the Struthiones and Otis have no oil-gland ; but as in their nearest allies it is tufted, they may be included amongst those in which it is so also. Amongst the Gallina I have always found the oil-gland nude in the Megapodida (Talegalla and Megacephalon). The Storm-Petrels have no caeca, and the Ardeida have only one. It is therefore evident that from the whole list of birds termed homalogonatous, only the Musophagida, Psittaci, Columba, Cucu-lida, and Cathartida are exceptions to the above-stated rule, the first two having no caeca, the next two a nude oil-gland, and the last neither caeca nor a tufted oil-gland. Another myological fact comes in here to assist. A reference to Plate XVII. in comparison with Table I. will show that no anomalogonatous bird has been found to possess the accessory femoro-caudal; that is, B never enters into its myological formula. Such being the case, when a bird has a formula with B in it, at the same time that |