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Show 175 urban population funded services or the female the government as by the group" (Demery 2000; Since educational benefits imputed to group j. as let Finally; S, follows.48 And let education level i, and E, Eij Let write the education 3 j=} S .. _i IJEj de Well more on E j=} publicly spending-benefit the services used relatively 1998). formalize the incidence of education, Xj be the value of the total education we on (across groups) education level i, (primary, junior secondary group j all and senior (i = subsidy at at that level. 1, ,3), which .. secondary). Then, as: .. ="'. LJE of on spending subsidy to 3 use represents the number of school enrollments of group j be government net X.=E J L...J spends the total number of enrollments denotes the level of education we can van is focused analysis our two factors: the on that group, and the distribution of government by incidence will be greater more population) depends (5.1) I i . Note that assumes S, / Ej is the unit that this subsidy only Commonly, government typically attract financed in the 48 subsidy higher of providing varies by a school level of place schooling subsidies for services vary at level i. and not The formulization is taken from than in other urban Demery (2000). areas. across regions. significantly by region. Services subsidies in urban than in rural areas, and services capital city Equation (5.1) are often better These variations in unit subsidies |
