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Show 125 autonomy/identity, than to exploit possible efficiencies in the provision of local public goods. Quebec is a separate province in Canada, for example, more by virtue of its localized cultural and political identity than because of any spatial efficiencies in the provision of traditional public goods. Within the Spanish federation, the special treatment of the "autonomous regions" and the impulse toward separatism in the Basque and Catalan communities is also best explained in terms of their particularly strong localized identities. Other cases-the partitioning of India, Pakistan, and ultimately Bangladesh after the demise of imperial rule; the federal structure of Nigeria along tribal lines; the issue of Scottish devolution in the United Kingdom, to mention a few-may also be seen as cases in which localized identities and loyalties are fundamental. To seek to explain or even inform such cases by appeal to inter-jurisdictional public goods or tax spillovers involves either a radical reconstruction of the idea of what a "public good" is (so that "political identity" becomes the main public good that states provide) or an obstinate placing of the blind eye to the telescope. In short, to attempt to explain and/or proffer advice on the most obvious and vibrant the standard analysis of "the economics of federalism" is to invite oneselflook ridiculous. 4.2 The assignment expenditure assignment of Expenditure of revenue decentralization is aimed at and Hamlin 2000, pp. (Brennan Perhaps assignments the driving is achieving equity the in usually results, refers to differential fiscal excess of revenue and vice versa making, 259-60) often not related to force for service capacity is a particular principle of decentralization. provisions, sought, then the of If and if equality some form of and it may indeed be desirable. Vertical imbalance capacity of various resources over is objective public between different levels of governments in fiscal vertical imbalance to and Revenue Structures expenditure responsibilities revenue sources. and aspects of real-world federalism by reference levels of governments. It expenditure responsibilities usually entails an for the federal government, for lower units of governments. Under this situation, the federal |
