| OCR Text |
Show 172 services, namely education, in share of spending on the hands of education and health regional governments. by the federal and 1993/94-2000/01. The federal government's share of steadily been in the two thirds of current expenditure on regional governments spending of 30 percent, while neighborhood Table 42 shows the for social services has on regional governments shoulder social sectors. The health sector accounts for a larger share, largely because higher education is still in the hands of the federal government. 5.3 Incidence Economists routinely policies (Castro-Leal policy decisions spending on et al. are now living impact not been easy to impacts based is on quantitative extremely assessments of the useful for the welfare individuals accurately of public spending 1999; Demery 2000; Heltberg 2001; McKay 2002). Many measure to the welfare of individuals concern evaluate the distributional standards of the poor. The information public spending policies decisions that Analysis or the or impact households in of the economics literature on policy on distributional of impacts society. However, provided goods consumers can goods be taken as and of society. Demery aptly it has and services summarizes the this issue when he writes: services, the prices paid by individual reflecting underlying values, so that combining and prices quantities yields measures of welfare that can be compared across individuals and over time. But unlike market-based goods, it is difficult to use prices as the basis of valuing publicly-provided goods. First, many such goods and services are pure public goods, which can be considered as freely provided and benefiting communities as a whole. But even when government spending subsidizes the provision of private goods(such as health and education services, and many infrastructure services), their supply is usually rationed, so that it is no longer valid to use the price paid (if any) as a measure of the underlying value of the good For market-based public makers to make effective households in of publicly impacts |
