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Show LEADING 474 MEXICAN OF NEW FACTS HISTORY SPANISH statements of the population of the country between 1800 and 1821 but, of course, no one of them can be deemed accurate, except possibly the enumeration of the citizens living in towns and villages. imThe city of Santa Fé had, possibly, including the dwellers in the meagre so are records the but souls, thousand six mediate vicinity, and there are so many discrepancies and differences that it is safe to say that any upon is based report no single accurately census 7 taken.°°° Relative to the commercial conditions of the province as they existed during the last years of Spanish rule, deriving almost all his information upon the subject from the Santa Fé Archives, Pino’s Exposicion, and Pike’s book, Mr. Bancroft says that commercial conach fall the caraditions continued to exist as they had before.°’ vans left for El Paso and Chihuahua; at El Paso, to a greater extent difthan before, the companies were divided, small parties seeking ferent markets; that large flocks of sheep were now driven from of 1803. the province is noted by Governor Chacon, in his report At this time there was no custom house in the province,*® all duties ae being paid in the south. Down to about the year 1798 no coin was in circulation m New Mexico, but later on the salaries of officers and 506 According to the official reports, the Spanish soldiers were paid population of the leading on towns, including the outlying ranchos, in 1805-1820, was as toh 1.588, ‘318, 1 580, 3,741, 6,038; La Cafiada, 2,188, 2,633; Alburquerque, 4,294, Bae) es a los Caballeros, 1,888, 2,125; Abiquid, 1,218, 2,182 (3,029 in sgh 2,103 (1,756 in 1821); Taos, 1,327, 1,252; Santa Clara, 967, se a 2,324; Picuriés, 17, 1,041. The largest Indian In 1821 Socorro pueblos in 1820-21 Cochiti, 653; Santa Ana, 527; Laguna, is given with were, Taos, 950; Acoma, 829; 59T; Pi a poe 7515" San_ an lide : nor oh aha A Humboldt says Santa Fé had a population in 1803 aoe ah Pino, Isleta, 513. i of Pecos Pike says Santa Fé had 4,500 in querque, 6,000, Taos, 8,900. od According to Pino, the Lg in 1811, says the capital had 5,000. there had but 30 fighting men in 1811, and in 1820 its population was re El Paso, according to an official census, in 1822, had 8,383, 0 aowenitile were 161 married couples, single men, 2,267, single women, 3,173, - oriedt6, 9, ’ widows, 417, farmers, 2,072, artisans, 681, laborers, 269, teachers, + Chihuahua, and total valuation of property, $234,018.—Arch. Sta. Fé, Ms. In April, 1806, General Salcedo, comandante a ae 507 Arch. Sta. Fé. of the issued an order demanding that trade with the Indians must be oe 508 Diario de Mem., trade of New Mexico. i, 353. The viceroy gives out a decree In The report of Governor Chacon, of 1803, is found in the sr says that evervbody trades in his own way, often a very é, i ba : i a ae He ay force scribes the outfitting of the caravans from La Joya and says the ¢ several kill leaving that place in 1809 was attacked by Indians, with a loss 0 and 300 horses. RULE, 1700 TO 1822 475 in coin, but this did not furnish a medium in any way sufficient for the needs of the country. There was a duty upon tobacco, and none was raised in New Mexico, except by the padres for home consumption. The total value of imports, according to Pino, who gives an Official report to the consulate at Vera Cruz in 1804, was $112,000 in a year, while the exports, chiefly wool, wine, and peltries, were only $60,000, leaving a balance of trade against New Mexico of $52,000. The imports included $61,000 of European goods, $7,000 Asiatic, $34,000 American and only $10,000 of horses and mules. Governor Chacon, however, in his report of August 28, 1803, says that 600 horses and mules were sent away annually. He also notes that books on agriculture and stock-raising were much needed. All the official reports made during these years sound the praises of the There were a few Spancountry as to its agricultural advantages. ish artisans in the province, but almost all of the mechanical and other work was performed by Indians. In 1803, in his report, Governor Chacon says that copper is abundant, but no are also mines mine, west of loads of metal mines are worked, as does Pike, of gold and silver. the Rio Grande, in latitude annually; that vessels of also Pino, who says there in 1807, refers to a copper 34°, yielding 20,000 mulewrought copper are among This must have been the Santa Rita the exports of the country. mine, as Bartlett says it was worked in 1804. This mine was discovered in 1800 by Lieutenant-Colonel Carrisco, through the aid of an Indian. In 1804 it was sold to Don Francisco Manuel Elguea, of Chihuahua, who at once commenced extensive developments, and found the metal of such fine quality that the entire output was conThe metal was tracted to the royal mint for coinage purposes. transported to the City of Mexico by pack-mules and wagons, 100 mules, carrying three hundred pounds each, being constantly emThere is very little of record which shows any mining ployed. done in New Mexico during Spanish rule. In matters of education for the people very little was done during Colleges and public schools, there were none. There this period. teachers in the larger towns. There were no private few a were There was one doctor, the garrison surlawyers in the province. geon, at Santa Fé. As to the social habits and customs of the people, there is nothing worth recording. Major Pike says something |