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Show to get sight of the great determined HISTORY MEXICAN OF NEW FACTS LEADING 152 argu- after much and, Cibola, : ae ue . ci s. hae ment and a further distribution of all his remaining merchandise, he pws Nee Joursucceeded in persuading two of the chiefs to accompany him. neying as rapidly as he could, he soon came within sight of Cibola, ‘“which is situate on a plain at the foot of a round hill and seems to be a fair city, and is better situated than any I have seen in these parts. The houses are builded in order, according as the Indians told me, all made of stone with divers stories and flat roofs, as far as I could discern from a mountain, whither I ascended to view the cities.’’ 7° The city which the friar saw was undoubtedly the pueblo of The friar appears not to have been lacking in courHa-wai-kih.**> 164 Winship, George Parker, Ibid, pp. 362-363, says: ‘‘In his official report it is evident that Friar Marcos distinguished with care between what he had But Cortés began the prachimself seen and what the Indians had told him. tice of attacking the veracity and good faith of the friar, Castafieda continued it, and scarcely a writer on these events failed to follow their guidance until Mr. Bandelier undertook to examine the facts of the case, and applied rules This vigorous defender of of ordinary fairness to his historical judgment. the friar has successfully maintained his strenuous contention that Fr. Marcos neither lied nor exaggerated, even when he said that the Cibola pueblo appeared to him to be larger than the City of Mexico. All the witnesses agree that these light stone and adobe villages impress one who first sees them from a distance as being much larger than they really are. Mexico, in 1539, on the other hand, was neither imposing ‘palace of Montezuma,’ 1521. tained The about pueblo nor populous. had been of Hawaikah, 200 houses, or The great communal house, the destroyed during or soon after the siege of the between one 700 which the and friar 1,000 doubtless inhabitants. saw, con There is lation of Mexico probably doubled in quite sure was true, that the popu: the fifteen years preceding Tomson’s visit, a fact which makes Niza’s comparison even more reasonable.’ 165 Hodge, F. W., The First Discovered City of Cibola, p.3: ‘‘Itis regarding the identity observed of the of from Cibolan the village at which a distant height villages the Estevan lost that question friar learned has from his life and arisen. an old The Zufi which name whom Niza of one he found living with one of the Pimas tribes and who had been a fugitive from Cibola for many years. This name was Ahacus, and is identical with Hawaikth, 4 by the by applying thereto the pueblo occupied Zuiis until about 1670, when the Apaches Niza, as well as by other nad emany cleo Scales los Made true ad pibre’os Verey fore yok Hy fodeo wd bseclo dd aie eee €m Sem clpnine tho spatnl val ome t poxelénbeach yo ( tomidides. cle Preuincen : ise ey jamb py “eh asboh a pirhe ceng ie oon ae es amare documentary testimony bearing on the point. It is my purpose to show that not Ki ak-ki- ie but Hawaikth was the town of Cibola discovered by Niza, that the latte : evr dmnuny Ageneral ata om x ynecs my valrmteal ars com Sob LP Sh viget oan tes 2 grap webby pelos Secs Sinfe oof had \ ‘ales oo loiayante yb aceite : y Go he ood abies, tail; pupla; Pr tte é c/ojen “yO \ 2, - |. ect pp ‘cs razon of prone del prrilyzpe ila obo, portafreaks : e te Se 6 : e Le eee y yuu , oso of fn al grrr aigla Kucwe vie Cede: cag a regu one te Lonlefada one bitdela om pidee, lx faba Vgmande on en Vrs me” ee na a ad jallecion; dsof wre devatGur Seeds © ha ser cd hehe 9,ofAgue i CTIRE OO ath a1 Let ake jsss ror ae ne Si 5 .. hte / 1 ‘ pene \ f bemantes y andere has annie eee dedande poertn ol fides Mamatrs ing abodes bey uli ne faa te oe miter dog [pacer jontier. ley ales bades tendean.fs onde c Wecten dl (g/d yi ‘eestd gtnartle waver ions el (w hedoo , toncabane ef i Or > — Mg ime har ey la isecee. oy ape ade2o Aubuted ap ied oa ry Jeune they inbije elegnae we. af (tae lym 2 als onadeos Shale bins yacluh fla ad jextligede leven kill fa fas (eran: yarvide por parlade Sell abn “alasegpatedey ea 2 onia nim towae hex bs dahgon ce as Soe yam L faacsfior— Lelades lg o6re no les yinteale ip — no fete a Mo hatte by 0 Septeme av yu Antes ova Priteds OOK vgencral lejos roel bones need ates’ fs aa caer Vn? apna posh tet “poe cormale Die méjfer yer Hee eat | fora tanto. arg Pra ay [fo :y eng tee & na Ynoscon Stas bag co ag dah fav rttad % puceeas a lnk. Ld ye)ay pale 3 h sboa ry patkadeta 7 atts, ote ae lode foe “hevalas yh hed : ~ ie lap He dria: hone 2 i e % D> y/ipesanche facades ge é Icemed eleraael = HR, . B/ a seals 47, ide mayor ‘ ey Fac-simile of Last Page of Original Patent to the Order of Franciscans, given by the General of the Order to the first twelve friars who came to America to convert, baptize, and pacify the natives 4 = ~ hile tng ‘0 1gv peta few - Alosurpela Bra desse Vaed fai. he WSO nH fey (paladalemy tare nea re a cag mt ie us. ayer oe J Vauerdey fomaadd devs 2 caresY de fetes: & whibmemnecaaa ns Je etor ele ol os ate ret le (of durch he emule ale. dy econ dee pétlals no “ft inba. / (Onm, “ Gein ele Ws fabio . a es con nopatlade «acon. asia [lode pays pfondidafiios renttealeon Sb bite, Far fa Sol ey tp Pan tSca fa. (tisen/en ere ‘Chr’ ‘axe eae BORA jeytag diponer ¢ feSidegiaa enguasse. ee oF fone < On a. (onticr /ton- come Ly palbyas i nf wi iohiee a yertidole a vouen cxugph ye, Janta ona “ten caneete plo it mo plersalio ¥ ea Gs“path om detours e , - perg Fed jena i , ~ bindings 5y « fo no soned daouxilo ment Asandos ew hide eutald/Z Lanicse : ; gue sxelC promighe olelhe ers rbdad Z, x bbuen dake tabs Ant Sine ide3 Teja oledos pe alla vena . forded delay, compelled its abandonment. It should be remembered, however, that the name, Ahacué, was not applied by Niza to the pueblo visited by Estevan and seen by himself, pueblo; hence the question as to which of the cities 0 other any to indeed, nor Cibola was first discovered. ‘The place of the killing of the ‘Black Mexican’ is fixed by Zuii tradition at Ki-ak-ki-ma, and this tradition Mr. Bandelier has attempted to substantiate description by see a airs nperior something naive in Mr. Bandelier’ s comparison of this with Robert Tomson’s report that the City of Mexico, in 1556, contained 1,500 Spanish households. 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