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Show EARLY SPANISH EXPLORATIONS 273 learned, not even the names of the provinces and towns, owing to their having no interpreter. In the first of these provinces the people used cotton cloth and feather-work, which the Spaniards of the Manzano, where the name of ‘Mesa de los Jumanos’ still commemorate s their former presence. About their abodes, their mode of dress, their rites and creed, we know as little as of their language—nothing. ‘*In 1598, Ofiate visited the three great villages of the Jumanos, or ‘Rayados’ in the vicinity of the Salines and of Abd, consequently on or near the ‘Mesa de los Jumanos’ of to-day, Discurso de las Jornadas, p. 266. ‘Uno muy grande.’ In the Obediencia de San Juan Baptista, p. 114, are mentioned ‘Los tres Pueblos grandes de Xumanos 6 Rayados, llamados en su lengua, Atripuy, Genobey, Quelontetrenuy, Pataotrey con sus sujetos.’ This would make four instead of three. The Obediencia y Vassalaje @ su Majestad por los Indios del Pueblo de Cueloce, Doe. de Indias, vol. Xvi, p. 126, mentions the pueblo of Cueloce as ‘que llaman de los rayados.’ Cueloce may be another version of Cuelotetrey. In the same document Xenopuey is mentioned and Patasce. The former is most likely the same as Genobey, and the latter may stand for Pataotrey. I place some stress on these local names, as they may be authentic remains of the language. Ofiate, Carta escripta, 1599, p. 306, mentions the Xumanas as the second tribe encountered in New Mexico, coming to that country from the south. In 1630 Benavides, Memorial, p. 771, locates the Jumanos 112 leagues east of Santa Fé. Fray Alonzo de Posadas (Informe al Rey, 1686) locates them on the upper river Nueces, in Texas, 80 leagues east or northeast of the Junta de los Rios, or mouth of the Conchos. Dominguez Mendoza, Diario, 1684, fol. 12, also places them in that vicinity. In connection with the location of the Jumanos, I may be permitted here to recall the mention made of the Teyas, a tribe of the plains, which tribe Coronado met on his adventurous trip to Quivira, Carta 4 Su Magestad, 20th October, 1541, old style, Doe. de Indias, vol. xiii, p. 263: ‘Y otra nacion de gente que se llaman los Teyas, todos lobrados los cuerpos y rostros.’ The fact that the Teyas tattoed their faces and bodies might possibly indicate that they were the Jumanos, who, in quest of buffalo, had gone as far north as eastern or northeastern New Mexico. “* Benavides states that the Jumanos of New Mexico subsisted on the buffalo almost exclusively, and I have not been able to find any documentary evidence that they cultivated the soil. ‘‘And yet Espejo found their kindred in Chihuahua living in permanent abodes and raising the same crops as the Pueblo Indians. It is not unlikely that the northern branch of the tribe succumbed to the remarkable influence which the great quadruped exerted over the aborigines, who attached themselves to its immense hordes and, becoming accustomed to.the life which the following of the buffalo required, discarded permanence of abode, exchanging it for vagrancy, with its consequences. The Jumanos were lost sight of after the great convulsions of 1680 and succeeding years, and their ultimate fate is as unknown as their original numbers.’’ Mr. Bandelier made great effort in his researches as to this great tribe of Indians. They were the only Indians in New Mexico who were accustomed to striate the face, either to paint it or to tattoo it. He says: » ‘‘From the word ‘rayado’ it is not quite certain whether this was done merely with paint or whether it was done by incising. It may be the latter. It is certain that as late as 1697, a Jumano Indian, a female described as ‘a striated one of the Jumano nation’ was sold at Santa Fé for a house containing three rooms and a small tract of land besides. This woman had been sold to the Spaniards by other Indians who had captured her. Escritwra de Uennta de una Casa de las |
