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Show 274 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY EARLY understood from the inhabitants were obtained by them in trade with a people living farther west, in exchange for buffalo hides and deer-skins. The Spaniards also received information that plenty of silver could be obtained by traveling farther west a journey of five days. In the second province, where the rancherias were near lakes on both sides of the Rio Grande, probably near the present towns of Rincon and Hatch, they were told by a Conchos Indian that fifteen days westward there was another large lake, on the borders of which were many towns containing houses several stories high. He offered to take the Spaniards there, but they continued their journey north. Following the course of the Rio Grande, Espejo journeyed for fifteen days, a distance of eighty leagues, without meeting any inhabitants; and, finally, beyond a village of straw huts, they reached the pueblos, where the houses were from three to four stories high, and where ten towns were visited, situated on both sides of the Rio Grande; other towns were seen in the distance, and all containing a population of about 12,000, all of whom were friendly, as Espejo says, in describing the manner in which they were received and the manners and customs of the natives. These pueblos must have been located in the valley beginning with the site of the Hijas de Feo. Lucero que isieron al Sargento Mayor Feo. Anaya Almazan, Ms.: ‘Por una india rayada de nazion Jumana auida y comprada de los amigos cristianos. ’ In regard to the inhabitants of the Jumanos I ean find nothing precise; that is, so far as the New Mexican Jumanos are concerned. ‘‘From the statements of Benavides, it might be inferred that they had no fixed abodes, but lived almost exclusively on the buffalo. Memorial, p. 79, ‘Viendo el demonio, enemigo de las almas, que aquellos religiosos ivan 4 librar de sus unas las que alli gozaua, quiso defenderse, y vso de vn ardid de los que suele, y fue, que seco las lagunas del agua que bebian, 4 cuya causa tambien se auyento el mucho ganado de Sibola que por alli auia, de que todas estas naciones Se sustentauan, y luego, por medio de los Indios hechizeros, echo la voz, que mudassen puesto, para buscar de comer.’ This intimates an erratic life. On the other hand, however, Ofiate, as I have shown above, mentions at least three large villages. . In 1700, a village of the Jumanos re-appears, and that village cannot have been situated outside of New Mexico, as the news of its destruction (by the French) was carried to Taos in the most northerly part of the I erritory by the Jicarilla Apaches, Relacion Anénima de la Re-conquista, Ms. Sesto Cuaderno, ‘El afio de 1700 refirio un apache de los llanos, que los franceses habian destruido el pueblo de los Jumanos, y esta noticia, que el alealde mayor del pueblo de Taos comunicé 4 Cubero, hizo temer 4 todos los del reino que los franceses podian hacer suya esta tierra.’ The village of Jumanos here mentioned cannot have had any connection with the pueblo of Jumano s, which had been abandoned previously to 1680.’’ SPANISH EXPLORATIONS 275 present town of San Marcial, just after passing the Jornada del Muerto. These were the pueblos that had been visited by one of Coronado’s captains and by the fray Rodriguez. Not far beyond the limits of this district the Spaniards came to another, the Tiguas, the Tiguex of Coronado, and, in a short time, had arrived at the pueblo of Puara, one of sixteen towns constituting the province. Upon the arrival of the Spaniards at Puara, the news that the friars, Rodriguez and Lopez, with some of their attendants, had The recollections of the vengeance been murdered, was confirmed. of the Spaniards under Coronado and Garcia Lopez de Cardenas of forty years before caused the Indians to take to flight upon the approach of Espejo, and, although he offered every inducement to them to return, they refused to do so. The abandonment of Puara was effected very quickly, the Indians leaving behind large quantities of provisions, of which the It is said by one historian that Puara Spaniards stood in sore need. was sacked by Espejo and the murderers of the friars garroted.?** Another Espejo writes 2° says that nothing several thousand of this in his Indians account. The were slain, Indians also but in- formed Espejo as to Coronado having been at Tiguex and that they had killed nine of his soldiers and forty horses and on this account he had destroyed one of the pueblos of the province.?*® The primary object of the expedition was now accomplished, but the commander, after consultation with the friar Beltran, determined that he would make further explorations before returning to New Biscay. the eastern towns, and Espejo had been advised by the Indians that, in portion he was of the anxious province, to make there were explorations great and rich in that direction, thus becoming eye-witnesses to the true facts and in this way en284 Zarate-Salmeron, 285 Arlegui, Relacion, Cronica Zac., ii. p. 221. _ 286 ineeott, H. H., History of Arizona and New Mexico, p- 84, nag that In Hakluyt version of the Espejo narrative the information gained by pas that Francisco Vasquez Coronado had been there and that the Indians hac killed nine of his men and horses does not appear, and that this doubtless accounts for the errors of Gallatin, Davis, Prince, and others in locating Coronado’s Tiguex on the Rio Puerco. |
